Equilibrium Constant Kc and How to Calculate It

The Effect of Technology on Organizations Essay examples

The Effect of Technology on Organizations Staying abreast to technology changes had been a primary focus of my job up until this past Monday. For nearly seven years I worked for a retailer selling Verizon Wireless phones and service plans. This past Monday, I made a career change and began working as a Home Mortgage Consultant for Wells Fargo. The focus of this paper will be on my experiences while working as a manager for Verizon Wireless. In August of 1999, I started my career with a company called Bell Atlantic that shortly thereafter became Verizon Wireless. At that time, Bell Atlantic was offering cellular service to customers utilizing two different types of networks. The first was analogue; the second was dual mode†¦show more content†¦This is because the SAR value may vary from call to call, depending on factors such as proximity to a cell site, the proximity of the phone to the body while in use, and the use of hands-free devices. As the nineties came to a close, so did the use of sole analogue technolo gy. Verizon Wireless discontinued the sale of analogue phones and introduced tri-mode phones. These new phones support both the 850 and 1900 MHz bands, and analog (AMPS) in the 850 band. In laymans terms, the phones are able to pick up signal from a larger variety of towers or sources. These phones are designed to give the best signal in any given area. Most recently, Verizon Wireless began introducing all-digital phones. These phones do not pick up analogue signals at all. The company has also begun upgrading their cellular network of towers and gradually eliminating those that emit analogue signals and replacing them with digital. Aside from the changing network technology, Verizon Wireless has also had to continually upgrade the equipment they offer adding new technology in response to customer demand. These technology upgrades began with size. In the beginning, cellular phones were very cumbersome. The bag phone was one of the first cellular phones for a good number of peopl e. The phone was analogue and was literally carried around in a bag. As technology changed and got smaller, they were able to introduce smaller phones and continue to do so. NewShow MoreRelatedChasing The Hottest It : Effects Of Information Technology On Organizations1656 Words   |  7 PagesA Critical Review of â€Å"Chasing the hottest IT: Effects of Information Technology Fashion on Organizations† Introduction In his article â€Å"Chasing the hottest IT: Effects of Information Technology Fashion on Organizations†, Paul Wang seeks to examine the effects that IT fashion has on organizations. He collected data from 109 Fortune 500 companies, and this helped him to establish that the firms that were reputable for implementation of IT fashions in the media did not particularly experience higherRead MoreNew Technology And Noble Customer Needs Case Study1146 Words   |  5 PagesNew Technology and Noble Customer Needs Projective customer competence: Projecting future customer needs that drive innovation performance Thesis/Highlights: Organizations can develop the ability to both, understand and shape future customer needs so they can be molded favorably by a new product development (NPD) strategy. This ability is called projective customer competence. Projective customer competence is positively related to relational embeddedness (trust and closeness between customersRead MoreDo Auditors Need to Have in-Depth Knowledge of Information Technology?1362 Words   |  6 PagesDo auditors need to have in-depth knowledge of information technology? Yes, auditors need to have in-depth knowledge of information technology. Networks and computers deliver the most information needed for auditing to work. For it to be effective, auditors have to use the computer as an auditing tool, audit automated systems and data, and understand the business purposes for the systems and the situation in which the systems operate. The other important uses for networks and computers by auditorsRead MoreComparison Matrix1543 Words   |  7 Pagessector, transformational leadership is the first study. This type of leadership has no effect on the conduct of managers. Transformational leadership is to stimulate the needs of the subordinates in harmony with the g oals of the leader. 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With the introduction of the internet, a company now has the option to expand their business beyond aRead MoreInternational Technological University ( Itu )1265 Words   |  6 PagesSTUDENT NAME: Manoj Duraiswamy STUDENT NUMBER: 86018 International Technological University (ITU) EM 900-3 / Engineering Management I Quiz 1 TOPICS COVERED: What is Engineering Management? / Globalization / Disruptive Technology The Strategic Use of IT to Obtain Competitive Advantage November 15, 2014 Instructor: Tom Tafolla, J.D. INSTRUCTIONS: 1. Anyone caught cheating, by any means, will automatically receive an â€Å"F† grade and will be reported to the ITU Academic Integrity CommitteeRead MoreThe Role Of Internal Audit Departments On The Business Community On How Their Work Adds Value1201 Words   |  5 PagesT auditors frequently find themselves educating the business community on how their work adds value to an organization. Internal audit departments commonly have an IT audit component which is deployed with a clear perspective on its role in an organization. However, in our experience as IT auditors, the wider business community needs to understand the IT audit function in order to realize the maximum benefit. In this context, we are publishing this brief overview of the specific benefits and addedRead MoreInvention Is the Mother of Necessities1649 Words   |  7 PagesWe Ask Ourselves Marshall McLuhan s saying, Invention is the mother of necessities, is an example of wit. How is it witty? What is the original saying? You need wit to think about technology, for wit demands creative thinking. And once you start thinking creatively, you start to see the effect of technology on us all. The usual saying is, Necessity is the mother of invention. That makes sense: right now, for example, the world may be running out of oil, and as a result, the necessity ofRead MoreNetwork Effects On The Organization1433 Words   |  6 PagesNetworks Effects on Organization Homework 2 Raghava Katreepalli, Dawg: 853242522 Introduction: This Paper discuss about network effects on two different organizations. Firstly it will discuss about network effects on physical organization and then about virtual organization. Network effects or function of network size and network strength [1]. The theory related to network effects on organization can be categorized into three parts [1]: i. depends on technology adopted i.e., what factors would contribute

Midland Energy Resources, Cost of Capital Free Essays

Midland Energy Resources, Cost of Capital The case is about how Janet Mortensen, senior vice president of project finance for Midland Energy Resources, prepare her annual cost of capital estimates for midland and each of its three divisions for her company. Midland was a global energy company with operations in oil and gas exploration and production (EP), refining and marketing(RM), and petrochemicals. Estimates of cost of capital prepared by Mortensen were used in many analyses within Midland, including asset appraisals for both capital budgeting and financial accounting, performance assessments. We will write a custom essay sample on Midland Energy Resources, Cost of Capital or any similar topic only for you Order Now Since her calculations had been widely applied in various areas and became influential, she was considering appending a sort of user’s guide to the 2007 set of calculations for reference to different applications. Mortensen used WACC formula to estimate cost of capital, compute the cost of debt by adding a premium over US Treasury securities of a similar maturity, and calculate the cost of equity by using the CAPM formula. After reviewing the case and tables given, we calculated the company’s composite WACC and WACCs for each division respectively. The company’s composite WACC is 8. 19%. The inputs we used are spread to treasury of 1. 2%, debt ratio of 42. 2%, Treasury bond yields of 4. 98% at a 30-year maturity, the 2006 tax rate of 39%, beta of 1. 25, and EMRP of 5%. However, we do not think that EMRP given in the case is appropriate. Instead, we recommend 3. 3%, which is the most recent EMRP estimate according the survey results in the Exhibit 6. Midland canno t use the same WACC for all divisions. It has three different divisions with different risk or Beta, which is given in Exhibit 5. If midland uses same WACC for all division it can accept risky investment or some time it may mislead by giving up profitable investment. It should use corporate WACC only for corporate level decision. WACC for EP and RM is calculated by using cost of debt by adding risk free rate plus spread to TB. From the Exhibit 5, weights for debt and Equity are calculated. WACC of EP is 8. 82 and RF is 9. 83. Both WACC are different to each other because they have different risk level, leverage and credit rating. Calculation Part: WACC (EP):=rd(D/V)(1-t)+re(E/V)=6. 58*0. 2847(1-0. 39)+10. 73*0. 7153=8. 8178 rd=rf+spread =4. 98+1. 6=6. 58, re=rf+B(EMRP)=4. 98+1. 15*5=10. 73 D/E=0. 398 or V-E/E=0. 398 or E/V=0. 7153 D/V=1-E/V=1-0. 7153=0. 2847 WACC (RM)=rd(D/V)(1-t)+re(E/V)=6. 78*0. 1687(1-0. 39)+10. 98*0. 8313=9. 8253 rd= rf+spread =4. 98+1. 8=6. 78re= rf+B(EMRP)=4. 98+1. 2*5=10. 98 D/E=0. 203orV-E/E=0. 203orE/V=0. 8313, D/V=1-E/V=1-0. 8313=0. 1687 For Petrochemical division, since we don’t have sufficient information of that division. We cannot compute our Beta so that we cannot get an exact number of WACC for the division. If the managers want to have a rough estimate, they can use the overall Beta as an average for three divisions and calculate the Beta for Petrochemical division. Then they can get the WACC. How to cite Midland Energy Resources, Cost of Capital, Essay examples

Two Nation Theory free essay sample

We can define nation as a people who have some common attributes of race, language, religion or culture and united and organized by the state and by common sentiments and aspiration. A nation becomes so only when it has a spirit or feeling of nationality. A nation is a culturally homogeneous social group, and a politically free unit of the people, fully conscious of its psychic life and expression in a tenacious way. Nationality Mazzini said: â€Å"Every people has its special mission and that mission constitutes its nationality†. Nation and Nationality differ in their meaning although they were used interchangeably. A nation is a people having a sense of oneness among them and who are politically independent. In the case of nationality it implies a psychological feeling of unity among a people, but also sense of oneness among them. The sense of unity might be an account, of the people having common history and culture. But nationality largely requires the element of political independence either achieved or aspired. Secondly, a nation must have a political organization of passionate desire for such an organization. But a nationality is a political, cultural, spiritual and unified community of a people. A. E. Zimmern said: â€Å"Nationality, like religion, is subjective, psychological, a condition of mind, a spiritual possession, a way of feeling, thinking and living†. Two Nation Theory The two-nation theory in its simplest way means that cultural, political, religious, economic and social dissimilarities between the two major communities, Hindus and Muslims of the Sub-continent. These differences of outlook, in fact, were greatly instrumental in giving rise to two distinct political ideologies which were responsible for the partition of the sub-continent into two independent states. The two-nation theory means that the Hindus and the Muslims are two different nations. On the basis of two-nation theory the Quaid-i-Azam demanded the partition of India into two states, a Muslim state to be called Pakistan and the other Hindu India that is Bharat. Evolution of Two Nation Theory Concept of Muslims as a Nation developed before the establishment of Pakistan. Pakistan was the product of this concept of nationhood rather than Pakistan creating a concept of nationhood. Retrospectively the Muslim nationalism emerged with the advent of Islam that introduced new principles pertinent to every sphere of life. It pledged the redemption of the humankind establishing a benign society based on Qur’anic teachings. The beginning of the Muslim nationalism in the Sub-Continent may be attributed to the first Indian who accepted Islam. The Arab traders had introduced the new religion, Islam, in the Indian coastal areas. Muhammad bin Qasim was the first Muslim invader who conquered some part of India and after that, Mahmud of Ghazna launched 17 attacks and opened the gate to preach Islam. The Muslim sufi (saints) like Ali Hejveri, Miran Hussain Zanjani etc. entered Sub-Continent. They, rejecting the vices in the Indian society, presented the pure practical picture of the teachings of Islam and got huge conversions. Qutub-ud-Din Aibuk permanently established Muslim dynasty in India that followed Sultanate and Mughal dynasties. Thus a strong Muslim community had emerged in India who had its own way of life, traditions, heroes, history and culture. Islam could not be absorbed in Hinduism. Deen-e-Ilahi, Bakhti movements, etc. created reaction amongst the Muslim ulama to preserve the pure Islamic character and save it from external onslaught. Role of Sheikh Ahmad Sirhindi and others is noteworthy. Equality and social justice inspired conversions to Islam. The British won over the Muslim rulers due to the industrial and scientific developments and modern war strategy. The War of Independence (1857) was a shattering setback to the Indian Muslims who were held responsible for the rebellion by the British. The Muslims were put into the backwardness with the help of Hindus. This was one of the outstanding motivations that paved the way to declare the separate identity of nationalism, the Muslim nationalism. The Muslim scholars sought to reform the teaching of Islamic law and to promote its application in a Muslim society. The prominent name among them is Sir Syed Ahmad Khan (1817-98) who awakened and guided his community well in time. His educational drive, the Ali-Garh movement, proved to be the best means of social mobility for the Muslim gentry under colonial rule. In 1885 the Indian National Congress was founded to indicate the beginning of the Indian nationalist movement under the British. The Congress worked and helped the British rule. Sir Syed advised the Muslims not to join it because, he thought, the Muslims were not in position to involve into the anti-government activities. It has been argued that Sir Syeds fear of Hindu domination sowed the seeds for the Two Nations Theory later espoused by the All-India Muslim League, founded in 1906 and led to its demand for a separate state for the Muslims of India. Sir Syed argued that modern education and non-political activities might be the key to Muslim advancement. The Ali-Garh movement produced educated leadership who could protect the Muslims’ rights on the Western political lines. All India Muslim League had been founded in Dhaka to promote loyalty to the British and to protect and advance the political rights and interests of the Muslims of India. Thus the concept of ‘separate electorates’ was put forward to dawn a new day for the Indian Muslims. Sir Syed Ahmed Khan and Two-Nation Theory In beginning Sir Syed believed in Indian Nationalism but later due to Hindi-Urdu controversy, Sir Syed’s faith in a united India was shaken and he began to advocate the two nation theory. He made the Muslims realize that they are separate nation. Their religion is very powerful. Muslims should demand for separate homeland of their own. Sir Syed Ahmed Khan was the first Muslim leader who used the word â€Å"NATION† for the Muslims of Sub-continent. According to Sir Syed in India there exist two nations, the Hindus and Muslims. They could not live together and that as the time would pass the hostility between the two-nation would grow. Sir Syed was of the view that Hindus and Muslims are two separate nations because their religion, history, culture and civilization were different from each other. Sir Syed’s political views could be summed up as: 1. That India was a continent, not a country. 2. That it was inhabited by a vast population of different races and different creeds. 3. That among these, Hindus and Muslims, were the major nations on the basis of nationality, religion, customs, cultures, cultural and historical traditions. 4. After the British quit, they could not share the political power equally. That was simply impossible and inconceivable. 5. The Indian National Congress was not acceptable to the Muslims. 6. Muslims could not accept a democratic set up of western type because with a one to four ratio of population, they could be enslaved by the Hindus. 7. There would be a disastrous civil war if the Congress persisted in its policy of yoking together the two nations. The above discuss leads us to conclude that Sir Syed Ahmed Khan was the staunch believer and eminent preacher to Two-Nation Theory; on account of which, he may be called the real founder to two-Nation Theory in sub-continent. Allama Iqbal and Two-Nation Theory Allama Iqbal was a great poet, philosopher and a politician. Iqbal had a sensitive heart and a deep-thinking inquisitive mind. He was dismayed at the pathetic conditions of the Muslims in general and of the Indian Muslims in particular. Allama Iqbal delivered historical address at Allahabad. â€Å"The units of Indian society are not territorial as in the European countries. India is a continent of human groups belonging to different races speaking different languages and professing different religions. Their behaviour is not at all determined by a common race-consciousness. † Under such circumstances, Allama Iqbal proposed a separate state of the Muslims. In his presidential address to the Allahabad session of the Muslim League in 1930, he said: â€Å"Personally I would go further†¦. I would like to see the Punjab, North WestFrontierProvince, Sindh and Balochistan amalgamated into a single state. Self-government within the British Empire or without the British Empire, the formation of a single consolidated North-West Indian Muslim state appears to me to be the final destiny of the Muslims at least of North WestIndia. † Allama Iqbal claimed that the Muslims were a separate nation in every respect. His own words in this regard were as follows: We have a population of seven crore among all nations of the sub-continent, we are the most united. In fact, of all the nations inhabiting the country, Muslims are the only true nation according to the most modern definition of the world. † In short the prophecy of Iqbal acted as a spur for the Muslims of India who craved out an independent state Pakistan for themselves, Seventee n years later (Allahabad Address 1930) on 14th August 1947. Muhammad Ali Jinnah and Two-Nation Theory Quaid-e-Azam’s struggle also based on two-nation theory: Quaid-e-Azam said: Difference in India between the two major nations, the Hindus and the Muslims are thousand times greater when compared with the continent of Europe. † Quaid-e-Azam further said: â€Å"India is not a national state. India is not a country but a Sub-continent composed of nationalities, the two major nations being Hindus and the Muslims whose culture and civilizations, language and literature, art and architecture, names and nomenclature, sense of value and proportion, laws and jurisprudence, social moral codes, customs and calendar, history and traditions, aptitudes and ambitions, outlook on life and of life are fundamentally different. By all canons of international law we are nation. † In 1940, Muslim League embraced the creed of Chaudhry Rehmat Ali and the historic session on March 23, 1940 in Lahore demanded the establishment of Pakistan. On that occasion, Quaid-e-Azam in his presidential address said: â€Å"Islam and Hinduism are not religions in the strict sense of the word, but are, in fact, different and distinct social orders†¦ The Hindus and Muslims belong to two different religious philosophies, social customs, literatures. They neither inter-marry nor inter-dine together and, indeed, they belong to two different civilizations which are based mainly on conflicting ideas and conceptions. † He refuted the claim of All Indian Nation Congress that India had only one single nation, in the name of Indian by the following statement. The history of the last twelve hundred years has failed to achieve the unity and has witnessed, India always divided into Hindu India and Muslim India. Quaid-e-Azam made the English ruler realize the fundamental deep rooted spiritual economic, social and political differences. He said that their efforts would frustrate which they were making to bind all Indians through central Government. Importance of Two Nation Theory The Two-Nation Theory served as the basis of demand for Pakistan by the Muslims in British India. There are two major nations in British India. The Muslims are not a community but a nation with a distinctive history, heritage, culture, civilization, and future aspirations. The Muslims wanted to preserve and protect their distinct identity and advance their interests in India. They wanted to order their lives in accordance with their ideals and philosophy of life without being overwhelmed by an unsympathetic majority. Initially, they demanded safeguards, constitutional guarantees and a federal system of government with powers to the provinces for protection and advancement of their heritage, identity and interests. Later, they demanded a separate state when neither the British nor the Hindu majority community was willing to offer those guarantees and safeguards.

Breaking Down My Barrier free essay sample

As I’m lying in the chair, tired from the medicine I have just been given, I turn on the television and begin to watch a World War 2 documentary. Listening to the stories of veterans, the battles they have been through and the scars they have, I ask myself, â€Å"What scars has this battle given me?† Before I was sick and diagnosed, I was athletic and an all around happy teen. I had a lot of things going for me. I played football and lacrosse. Coaches told me that I was going to be one of the stars of their teams, and that I was a huge part of their program. I also was going to be a lead role in the school play for my first year. But this would all change. When I first got diagnosed, my illness took me over physically and mentally. I couldn’t control it. We will write a custom essay sample on Breaking Down My Barrier or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The medicine the doctors prescribed wasn’t helping, and I started to become depressed. I couldn’t play football or lacrosse if I couldn’t control the illness and school work was becoming harder and harder to keep up with. I was just waiting for the day to come when I magically got better. Then that magic happened. I didn’t wake up one day and it was all better, rather it came from some advice given to me by my therapist. At my last session with him ever, I asked him before I left if he had any last minute advice. All he said was, â€Å"Don’t let your illness control you, especially when you can control it.† I said thank you before leaving his office. A couple days later, I realized what my doctor meant. I had to make an effort to get better. The next day I woke up as early as I could, went to school, and pushed myself through the whole day. I even went to football practice. Ever since then I made an effort to conquer my illness. I tried to control it and not let it control me. But then it started to get worse, again. The medicine wasn’t working and the test they took showed that my colon was only getting worse. I started to feel as though there was no point in even trying to help myself. But my parents kept faith in the doctors. I’m glad they did too because the doctors had one more trick up their sleeve. They started me on this new medicine that was very dangerous, but it could help me if it worked. We wouldn’t know how successful the treatments could be. Trusting my doctor’s opinion, I went to the hospital a few days later and started the infusion. Soon enough it started working and I started over again. I went home and even though I never felt any changes right away, in a matter of an hour I could feel the effects of my new medicine. I was able to play outside without having to run inside sick, and I could go a whole day in school without having any issues. I didn’t want to sleep all the time, rather I had enough energy to put effort into my homework without just wanting to fall asleep. After feeling all these changes, a tremendous weight came off my shoulder in my academics and in the pressure I felt while playing sports. I began to think more optimistically and continued to push myself through school and sports. I started varsity on the lacrosse team and started to get my grades up to back where they used to be. Ever since I learned that lesson from my therapist, my illness has acted up, but I have never let it hold me back from doing the things in life that I enjoy doing. As I sat in that hospital chair, I realized how many scars I would have if I could open up my body and show everyone the damage my illness, also known as ulcerative colitis, has given me. I know for a fact I would be glad to show them off because I have learned a lesson that I will never forget. Every man faces adversity, but what makes the man is how he faces that adversity. I faced this adversity with as much positive attitude as I possibly could and I am going to continue my positive attitude for the rest of my life no matter what challenges lay ahead.

Durkheim and Suicide essays

Durkheim and Suicide essays Durkheim uses the concepts of culture and social structure to explain variations in suicide rates between different groups. Sociological investigations seek social-structure models of influences on suicide, including family, culture, religion, occupation, socioeconomic class, and groups or organizations, typically derived from applying ecological and epidemiological methods to investigate relationships of suicide rates to social-demographic factors and secular variations. Durkheim distinguished 3 types of suicide, based essentially on social roles egoistic, altruistic, and anomic (arising from angry frustration). Absent or negative social relationships also can be associated with suicide by involving loss of support or involvement in toxic relationships or cults. Although social isolation and material or emotional deprivation seem to play a fundamental role in suicide, multifactorial biopsychosocial models usually are favored today, and they offer the most comprehensive available theoretical models. Global influences. Massive global changes in the 20th century had little overall effect on international suicide rates, although, paradoxically, shifts in suicide rates have been greater in countries relatively protected from wars and economic disasters, and increases have occurred selectively in countries that had relatively low rates in 1900. For example, in the United States, the annual suicide rate per 100,000 population of 10.2 in 1900 increased to 16.2 early in World War I, decreased in the 1920s, rose to 17.4 during the Depression, and then fell during World War II, to remain stable thereafter at 10-12.[11,67] During World War II, the reported suicide rate in Germany remained stable or even fell slightly, whereas some countries not directly involved in the war (eg, Ireland, Finland) experienced marked increases. For the most part, however, both world wars were associated with decreased suicide rates in winning, losing and ...

BU6603 ITM_Assignment_Aug-Nov_2014_2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

BU6603 ITM_Assignment_Aug-Nov_2014_2 - Essay Example In the following sections, brief history of Apple and gradual growth of the company through technological innovation have been discussed along with role of Steve Jobs therein. Apple is a multinational corporation which was founded in 1976 by Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak and Ronald Wayne. However, Wayne left within some period while Jobs and Wozniak continued in the business. The vision of Jobs and Wozniak was to develop a user friendly computer device and change consumers’ perception regarding computer. Wozniak developed first computer of Apple, Apple I which however did not gain much recognition. Wozniak and Jobs introduced Apple II in 1978, which was a revolutionary move as they developed colour graphics for the first time. Sale of the device grew from $7.8 million in 1978 to $117 million in 1980. Apple raised its first IPO (Initial Public Offerings) in 1980 and started trading as a public company (Mac World, 2014). In 1983, Wozniak left the company due to diminishing interest in Apple’s daily operations. In 1984, Apple developed the Macintosh which was a huge success in the consumer market. After this brief success, power struggle among executive members of the organisation resulted in departure of Steve Jobs. Absence of guidance from prominent leaders resulted in declining market share and financial problems in the firm. Steve Jobs returned as interim CEO in 1997 after Apple purchased his company, neXT. During late 1990s, expert suggested that Apple should shutdown and pay off its shareholders, but Jobs brought in turning point of the company by inducing the iMac. Following iMac, iPod was introduced in 2001 while iPhone was unveiled in 2007. In 2008, Wal-Mart’s online music store faced stiff competition from iTunes store. In 2010, the technological innovation at Apple moved a step ahead with entry of iPad (Terrell, 2008; Mac World, 2014). In 2011, death of Steve Jobs left Apple seeking direction and leadership. The

Business plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Business plan - Essay Example The main purpose and scope of this business plan is to provide general information about the said industry and to highlight the critical areas for successful launching of a new ticket selling point at Brent Street London. The data discussed in this study is based on some certain assumptions and has been collected through number of sources. A careful attempt has been made to present real time data in the study, however, this information may change at any time due to occurrence of any changes in associated factors, and thus the actual outcomes may differ from the projected results. 1. BUSINESS DESCRIPTION Doramex Ltd. is a famous travel agency located at 136 Brent Street, London. The small company has a vast experience of 64 years as working in the business since 1947. The average annual income of the company is around $54, 80,738. Doramex deals with customers belong to entire Europe, North American countries, and China from Asia (Company Profile Page). The company has decided to expan d its area of operations and for this it intends to set up an outlet ‘Express Ticketline’ in London. The new outlet will mainly deal with the selling of airline tickets to the customers at prices lower than the market rate. Although, Express Ticketline will expand its sphere of operations as well as target markets in future, however, initially it will operate as a ticket selling point for local population and the passengers of airline companies like British Airways, Virgin Atlantic Airways, EasyJet, and Atlantic Airlines etc. 1.1 Mission Statement To entertain our customers in terms of their budget, desire, and skill level. To ensure the sustaining of our customers through attractive packages and arrangements 1.2 Vision To go outshine in the field of selling cheap ticket by setting up strategic agreements with airlines, travel agencies, ground transport companies, and entertainment industry. 1.3 Objectives Express Ticketline is intended to meet the following objectives by the end of first financial year. Revenue (through selling of tickets) of $725,000. 25% of tickets will be sold online Maintain a margin of 08% on all airline tickets. 2. INDUSTRY AND MARKET ANALYSIS 2.1 External Factors on Travel Agencies The competitive marketing environment continuously changes, therefore a well thought-out, composed, detailed and consistent analysis is necessary for best evaluation. PEST analysis is considered as the best way to describe those external factors which cannot be directly catered by an organization. Despite of the fact that PEST analysis is used on the basis of previous data, interestingly it can be used as a forecast model (Wilson and Gilligan, 1998).   2.2 Political Factors Express Ticketline is a travel agency which is directly related to airline industry. Any internal or external change in the airline industry will directly affect our agency. The distressing incidents at the start of 21st century have turned out as the most difficult times f or the travel agencies. These incidents included the terrorist attacks in New York on September 11,

Sympathy for macbeth Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Sympathy for macbeth - Essay Example Despite his actions, Shakespeare encourages sympathy for Macbeth throughout the play. At first, Macbeth is displayed as a hero. However, this image changes drastically when he begins to thirst for power. Macbeth is a hero among his friends and soldiers for his loyalty and bravery to Scotland. He respects his country and does not want to interfere with his friends and king; however, greed begins to impede on Macbeth’s loyalty to his motherland. He struggles with an appropriate way to become the leader of his country. This is shown when he states: â€Å"If chance will have me king, why chance may crown me without my stir† (1.3.142-143). Although Macbeth greatly desires to become king, his decision to not actively seek this dream encourages sympathy from the reader. These thoughts show that Macbeth still has good moral beliefs; this allows for hope that he will remain a hero. Additionally, Macbeth knows that he does not have a chance for the throne while the king lives. As Macbeth thinks of himself as a loyal subject and Duncan as a good lea der, he does not want evil thoughts to overpower his loyalty. Macbeth begins with hope to one day rule his country. To achieve this, he decides that he must become king. Macbeth realizes that if he does not attempt to become king, then it will not happen. This thinking is demonstrated with his statement: â€Å"That is a step on which I must fall down, or else o’erleap, for in my way it lies† (1.4.49-50). Macbeth recognizes the enormity of this decision and that he must act upon his murderous thoughts to fulfill his destiny. His ambition to become king overrides his loyalty to his country and king. Because of this, Macbeth develops a plan to overthrow Duncan and rule in his place. This dilemma ensures that the reader feels sorry for Macbeth, as he struggles between remaining loyal and his obsession for power.  Macbeth struggles to stick to his

Genesis And Causes Of Naxalism History Essay

Genesis And Causes Of Naxalism History Essay Genesis The origin of the Naxalite movement can be located in the contemporary global context of the 1960s. The Naxalite movement was a part of the contemporary, worldwide impulse among radicals to return to the roots of revolutionary idealism. The Naxal leaders drew inspiration from the Indian peasant uprisings of the18th and 19th centuries and the more modern organized armed peasants struggles led by Communists in Telengana in south India in the late 1940s. Naxalism is essentially an outcome of socio-economic problems, mal-administration, un-accountability, perceived injustice and is an end product of agrarian tensions. The contention of Naxalites is that the existing system is corrupt, rotten and can be destroyed by violence alone. Naxals feel that it is the landlords and the state administrators who keep violence on their agenda. Naxals feel justified to counter it by violence so as to achieve radical reforms.  [1]  The genesis of this movement is based on peasants movement and agrarian discontent.  [2]  The primary aim of the movement was to liberate the poor through land and social reforms. Although, the aim was a noble one, the method chosen to achieve it was completely misguided and unlawful. The Naxalite movement quickly veered away from its professed agenda of social justice and, today, various Naxalite factions are nothing more than tools at the disposal of external forces that want to create internal turmoil in India.  [3]   3. Naxalism grew from a tiny movement of Charu Mazumdar and Kanu Sanyal of village Naxalbari in the foothills of the Himalayas in Darjeeling district of West Bengal, carved out by him in 1967 after a split, from the ultra left sections of CPI (Marxists). Mazumdar greatly admired Mao Zedong and advocated that Indian peasants and lower classes must follow in his footsteps and overthrow the government and upper classes whom he held responsible for their plight. The movement, basically anti-landlord, acquired the nomenclature of CPI (Marxist- Leninist) in Nov 1967. A similar group, calling itself Marxist Communist Centre (MCC) was operating in the South. CPI (M) and MCC merged in 2004 and became CPI (Maoist), accepting Maoist doctrine of revolutionary agrarian war of seeking power through armed violence and surrounding the urban centres from the countryside. Their activities soon accounted for approximately 90% of revolutionary armed action in India. This brand of revolutionary activities came to be described broadly as Naxalism in recognition of the village Naxalbari from where the bugle of armed revolutionary agrarian revolt was first sounded.  [4]  Ã‚   4. Naxalism and its threat to the state have been growing steadily in the past forty years. Their ideology appeals to the deprived and downtrodden. They have a coherent organisation whose members are ready for sacrifice. They have visionary plans of seizing political power through armed violence. They display a robust will and determination of purpose.    Naxal Ideology 5. Naxalism is the ideology followed by Naxalites in India. It is based on the principles of Marxism, Leninism and Maoism. 6. The Marxist Communist Centre (MCC) is distinguished by its commitment to an earlier version of the Charu Mazumdar, which envisions protracted armed struggle. The MCCs philosophy revolves around two grounds. The first is that, within the country, a revolutionary mass struggle existed and the people were fully conscious and even prepared to take part in revolution immediately. The second was that militant struggles must be carried on, not for land, crops, or other immediate goals, but for the seizure of power. These assumptions are reflected in all their views, whether on organization, on strategy or on tactics. As a result, all efforts and attention is firmly focused on revolutionary activities to undermine the state and seize power. Though the Peoples War Group (PWG) also held a similar view till the early 1980s, it has since shifted focus and established several political front organisations. The PWG gradually discarded its initial assessment of the peoples level of preparedness for an armed struggle, and consequently revised its strategy of immediate seizure of power. Though the armed struggle is not discarded, considerable differences emerged on the issue of the appropriate methodology. There is now increasing emphasis on the process of party building and the encouragement of mass political organizations. Their perspectives on strategy and tactics are also somewhat more nuanced, and there is an acknowledgement that the issues on which the struggle should be conducted necessarily depend on the level of peoples consciousness and the nature of problems faced by them.  [5]  . The PWG has remained unwavering in its ideological commitment to class annihilation, to capturing power through revolutionary warfare on the Maoist pattern, and in its rejection of Parliamentary democracy. This strategy entails building up of bases in rural and remote areas and transforming them, first, into guerrilla zones, and then into liberated zones, even as an area-wise seizure is consolidated, and cities are encircled. Within the theoretical constructs of its peoples war strategy, as well as the PWGs past practices, moreover, negotiations have been used as a tactic and opportunity for recovery, consolidation and expansion.  [6]   Causes for Growth of Naxalism 9. The region, over which the Naxalites have established their presence, is marked by widespread poverty, corruption, unemployment, lack of development, poor governance and an under-equipped police force. In many of these areas, the state machinery either does not exist or has a very limited existence. Naxalites fill the vacuum and exploit the poor performance of the institutions of governance on issues such as land rights, minimum wages, education and anti-corruption. In some areas they have assumed many of the tasks of the state and run a parallel administration.  [7]  The major causes for growth of naxalism are as follows:- Social Inequalities. Atrocities, subjugation, discriminatory treatment of dalits and lower caste peasants by the upper caste landlords continue to be very common in naxalite affected parts of the country. Economic Deprivation. There is extreme poverty and utter lack of economic development in many parts of the country. The landlords do not follow the stipulated minimum wage rule as laid down by the government. Infrastructure Inadequacies. The areas affected by the naxal movement are one of the richest in terms of natural resources. Even then, these areas have not seen any infrastructure development and continue to remain neglected by the authorities. Tribal and Forest Policies. The primitive methods of cultivation have left the tribal people economically fear behind in comparison with other peasants. The tribals have been denied their traditional means of livelihood and hence, their only means of survival has been taken away from them in the name of our forest policies. Inadequate Governance. It is a known fact that in many of these areas, there is no governance at all and the state and civil administrative infrastructure is virtually non-existent. Strategy 10. The Naxals follow the strategy of armed uprising and the theory of revolutionary base. From such revolutionary bases they would strategically be in a position to launch a frontal attack on the enemies of the peasantries and the backward classes. Having complete possession of the revolutionary bases, Naxalites would be launching attacks on large villages, and eventually, guerrilla attack upon cities. The aim of the above naxalite strategy was the annihilation of the landlords, moneylenders, police and its informers and those who would prevent them from establishing a strong hold over the villages.

Sociology Essay -- Sociology Essays

Sociology is a field which developed over a millennia ago, but it was not until the nineteenth century that it came into the fore as a bona fide social science, in need of its own classification apart from other social sciences. Sociology, 'the study of the process of companionship';(pg.396, Ambercrombie,Hill,Turner), is a discipline, which is not exclusively independent in and of its self, yet borrows from many other disciplines such as: history, geography, and anthropology. 'American sociology is fundamentally analytical and empirical; it proposes to examine the way of life of individuals in the societies … prefers to explain institutions and structures in terms of the behavior of individuals and the goals, mental states, and motives which determine the behavior of members of various social groups (pg.5,Aron).'; A specialization within Sociology is social stratification. This segment of sociology attempts to deal with the structures of any given society and ones' relationship with the institution. 'Social stratification means that inequality has been hardened or institutionalized, and there is a system of social relationships that determines who gets what, and why (pg.11, Kerbo).'; Through various paradigms, and theories we are able to come to a better understanding of social stratification. The paradigm that is most rational to my understanding of social stratification is the critical-conflict. In this paradigm the state embodies the interests of the "common citizen," and mediates between primitive human desires and the rational need for freedom and well being. Conflict theorists view that definitions of norms and values are also a source of conflict over who has the right to create laws and justice. As a consequence, not only behavior but also power relationships become important topics to study. Unlike the structural-functionalist view of society, which views harmony as the basis of order, conflict theorists see conflict as the natural state of social existence. Despite their critical examination of power relations, conflict theorists tend to accept the fundamental existing social arrangements, and instead of arguing for new social systems tend to argue for rearrangement of existing relations. 'This paradigm (critical-conflict) shares with the uncritical-conflict paradigm an image or model of society that considers conflict and... ...ack the essential tools such as: family name, wealth, and networking opportunities. These tools are utilized to gain access to the training necessary to achieve in a meritocracy like the United States. As the Upper Class and the Corporate Class wonder why those on the bottom are not able to 'pull themselves up by their boot straps'; and find solutions to their social, political, and economic predicament. The people on the bottom are screaming the solutions yet the Upper Class and Corporate Class are turning a deaf ear. Bibliography 1.) Abercrombie, Nicholas; Hill, Stephen; and Turner, Bryan S. The Penguin Dictionary of Sociology. Penguin Books.London: 1984 2.) Aron, Raymond, Main Currents In Sociological Thought. Anchor Books: 1968. 3.) Campbell, Ken. Http://cst.colorado.edu/psn/Marx/bio/Marx-karl/Granat/z.Html March 1,1999. 4.) Kerbo, Harold R., Social Stratification and Inequality: Class Conflict in Historical and Comparative Perspective. McGraw-Hill Companies,Inc. New York: 1996. 5.) McLellan, David., Karl Marx: Selected Writings. Oxford University Press: 1979. 6.) Tumin, M.,'; Some principles of stratification: A critical analysis.'; American Sociological Review, New York:1954

Literature Review: Effective Role of Interest Groups on the American Electorate

Weese 1 John DeWeese PS 372 Leising 15 October 2012 Literature Review It is apparent that interest groups have evolved over time with the changing nature of the American political system. We know that regardless of the beneficiary or detrimental effect they may have on our democracy, that they do play specific roles in policy formation, the election process, and voter identification and turnout.This section seeks to examine the positive and negative characteristics and theories that exist in accordance with interest groups, show defined areas of inconsistencies within those theories, and provide insight into new theoretical criteria for the study of the political effectiveness of interest groups in the American democratic system. We know from the literature that the main goal of interest groups is to exercise their power in order to gain political benefits (prenhall).Dominant interest groups within the United States are mainly economical and occupational, but there are several variet ies of minority groups, ideological groups, religious groups, etc. †¦ In comparing the roles of interest groups over time, the literature found that the efforts of interest groups over the past few decades have become far more significant, as they have become more involved in the political process through the use of political action committees (prenhall).This verifies that interest groups have played a major role in the election process over the past DeWeese 2 few decades, as well as the fact that they have highly influenced voter identification through either specific interests or public interests. Some key characteristics defined in the literature, when assessing the effectiveness of these interest groups, were the current status of a given society at a certain time, the typology of the interest group, and the cost and benefit factor associated with them.In relation, each of these key concepts for measuring interest groups directly affects one another. In a study conducted fr om the literature, it clearly shows an exceptional rise in the number of consumer and child welfare interest groups from the years 1900-1980 (Imig 262). Based on this information, we can see that the changing social environment has brought about a rise in special, consumer interest groups that are far more concerned with maximizing their income, while minimizing their costs.Based on the empirical evidence provided in the literature, we can examine the different existing theories on the roles of interest groups on public policy and the election process. First, â€Å"the interest groups promote debate and discussion, thus creating a better uniform and more educated electorate, and improving the quality of public policy (Mazingaizo). † Interest groups do seek to involve their major issues heavily during general elections, when those issues will be at the forefront of political debate, thus exercising their power on the response of certain candidates.A similar theory expressed in the literature contends that, â€Å"many voters’ interests and concerns are deeply affected by public policy, and hence citizens seek to represent their views more frequently and on more issues than the electoral process can accommodate (Etzioni 182). † Therefore, it is the interest groups that can provide such representation. Both of these theories examined DeWeese 3 in the literature are uniform, in that they see the roles of interest groups as beneficial to the election process and policy formation.In contrast, another existing theory within the literature states that, â€Å"While public interest groups provide an important type of representation otherwise absent from decision making forums, public interest groups gain and lose influence in a highly constrained context (Imig 266). † In comparison to the other theories, this theory suggests that we would be more beneficial to look at the development of interest groups in relation to the political context of s ociety, rather than trying to explain the American political system as a dependent variable of public interest.The literature explains that public interest groups ultimately oppose the natural ideal of a democracy, and have contributed to the political decay and deinstitutionalization of America. Based on the studies and graphs presented here, this theory is supported by a greater amount of empirical data, yet as we have learned, political science is not one strictly based on raw data and finite materials. So, after examining just a few theories found throughout the literature, we have observed certain similarities and inconsistencies regarding the beneficial nature of interest groups.The literature was consistent throughout in stating that interest groups change and evolve with the changes in the social environment, yet there were inconsistencies in the positive and negative nature these groups play. There were also inconsistencies in the literature based on different forms of inte rest groups. Where some of these theories examined single interest groups, constituent-represented interest groups, and public interest groups, others focused only on the overall spectrum of public interest DeWeese 4 groups.This creates a problem when attempting to explain how the roles of interest groups are affecting the election process, and voter identification and turnout, as it exists currently. Therefore, it is my belief that we should further examine the views based on the interest groups affecting the political environment in the short term, since that is the true question we are trying looking to find. Though the literature has provided us with a solid framework of theories and evidence so far, it is lacking in evidence from the perspective of the voter.So much concern has been placed on the cause and effect of interest groups driving policy, yet I believe it would be beneficial to further examine the impression a voter has in relation to the importance of interest groups when deciding which candidate or party to side with. Furthermore, it raises the question of whether or not it’s interest groups that are influencing voters in order to gain their political goals, or if they are exercising their power on the politicians, in return for their constituency’s support?Also, it would be beneficial to examine the relationships between interest groups and the administrative, legislative, and judicial branches in comparison to one another. The literature that has been examined contains so much information that is quite difficult to break it down into concise points, yet I feel that by researching this topic, we will gain a more transparent understanding of how and why politicians are elected, why they make some of the decisions they do, and the mental logic behind what our fellow citizens are thinking when they cast a vote on election day.I am not saying that the political role of interest groups will explain this entire phenomenon, but I do bel ieve they play a very important role in shaping some of these key issues in our current political DeWeese 5 system. Based on what we know, and what we will find, it will then be up to us to decide whether or not these groups exercise a positive or negative effect on our society. Works Cited Etzioni, Amitai. â€Å"Special Interest Groups Versus Constituency Representation. † Research in Social Movements, Conflicts and Change.Vol. 8 (1985): 171-195. Web. 10 Oct. 2012. Imig, Douglas R. and David S. Meyer. â€Å"Political Opportunity and the Rise and Decline of Interest Group Sectors. † Social Science Journal. Vol. 30. 3 (1993): 253-270. Web. 8 Oct. 2012. Mazingaizo, Tendai. â€Å"Do interest groups have positive or negative influence on the outcome of US elections? † blogspot. 17 Aug. 2009. Web. 11 Oct. 2012. â€Å"Political Parties and Interest Groups: Chapter Overview. † Prenhall. Pearson Education, Inc. (1995-2010). Web. 11 Oct. 2012.

Future Subjunctive Tense in French Grammar

Future Subjunctive Tense in French Grammar There is no future subjunctive in French. The present subjunctive is used for both present and future.  There is no future subjunctive per se. Even if the action is to happen in the future, the present subjunctive is used. However, there is a  past subjunctive. Present Subjunctive Is Used for Both Present and Future In general, the French subjunctive  mood  is used to express actions or ideas that are subjective or otherwise uncertain: will/wanting, emotion, doubt, possibility, necessity, judgment.  The key to understanding this mood is  to remember that the subjunctive subjectivity or unreality.   The subjunctive is nearly always found in dependent clauses introduced by  que  or  qui, and the subjects of the dependent and main clauses are usually different:   Je veux que tu le fasses.I want you to do it.  Ã‚  Il faut que nous partions.Its necessary that we leave. / We have to leave.Il est  possible quil arrive demain.Its possible that he will arrive tomorrow.Cest bon que tu sois prà ªt midi.Its good that youll be ready at noon. Verbs and expressions that  express someones will, an  order, a need, a piece of advice, or a desire require the subjunctive: aimer mieux que  to like better / to prefer thatcommander que  to order thatdemander que  to ask (someone to do somethingdà ©sirer que  to desire thatdonner lordre que  to order that Verbs and expressions of emotion or feeling, such as fear, happiness, anger, regret, surprise, or any other sentiments, require the subjunctive: adorer que  to love thataimer que  to like thatapprà ©cier que  to appreciate that Verbs and expressions of doubt, possibility, supposition, and opinion require the subjunctive: accepter que to acceptsattendre ce que  to expectdà ©tester que  to hate Certain  verbs and expressions take the subjunctive when they are negative or interrogatory because they express uncertainty in the speakers mind: cest que  its that/becauseconnaà ®tre (quelquun) qui  Ã‚  Ã‚  to know (someone) thatcroire que  to believe that A number of French  conjunctive phrases  require the subjunctive: moins que*  Ã‚  Ã‚  unless supposer que  Ã‚  Ã‚  assuming thatafin que  Ã‚  Ã‚  so thatavant que*  Ã‚  Ã‚  before condition que  Ã‚  Ã‚  provided that The subjunctive is required  In a subordinate clause with the  negative pronouns  ne...personne  or  ne...rien, or the  indefinite pronouns  quelquun  or  quelque chose:   Ã‚  Je ne connais personne qui veuille maider.I dont know anyone who wants to help me.   Ã‚  ll ny a rien que nous puissions faire.Theres nothing that we can do. The subjunctive is  optional after main clauses that contain certain adjectives, such as  seul,  unique,  premier,  principal,  dernier, or any  superlative,  It depends on how concrete the speaker feels about what is being said:Hà ©là ¨ne est la seule personne qui puisse nous aider.Hà ©là ¨ne is the only person who can help us.(Hà ©là ¨ne may be the only person I think can help us, but there may be others.)Hà ©là ¨ne est la seule personne que je vois.Hà ©là ¨ne is the only person I see.(No subjunctive, because I know this for a fact - I only see Hà ©là ¨ne.) Conjugating the Subjunctive Is Relatively Straightforward To conjugate all regular verbs ending -ER, -IR, and -RE, as well as some irregular* ones, take the 3rd person plural  ils  form of the  present tense of the verb, drop the -ent  ending to find the stem, and add the subjunctive endings: Many verbs that  are irregular in the present tense are regular in the subjunctive, including all -IR verbs conjugated like partir and sortir and -RE verbs conjugated like mettre. Other irregular verbs, as well as all stem-changing verbs, have  irregular subjunctive conjugations.

A human-made disaster Essays

A human-made disaster Essays A human-made disaster Essay A human-made disaster Essay The Aral Sea, a mammoth body of water which is located on the border of Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan, former parts of the Soviet Union and now the Commonwealth of Independent States, was once the fourth largest sea in the entire planet. The two major rivers that feed it are Amudarya and Syrdarya (darya meaning river). But the Aral Sea has been shrinking for over four decades. Now, it is only the eleventh largest sea on our planet. This disaster, like many others, is caused by man, but on a much larger scale.It began when the U.S.S.R, determined to conquer the mountainous, desert terrain around the Aral Sea, came up an ingenious scheme. Moscow ordered water to be diverted from Amudarya and Syrdarya in large amounts to irrigate the cotton fields in the Central Asian desert. The plan worked. Where nothing had ever grown, now grew millions of tons of white gold. The economy was boosted and nature had been tamed yet again. However, this excessive use of water meant that by the time the water reached the Aral Sea, it was reduced to barely a trickle of water, polluted by harmful chemicals. Over the next years, this resulted in the shrinking of the Aral Sea. Recently, the sea began vanishing faster than ever expected.Now, one-time sea-side towns are stranded in the middle of a salty desert. The climate is getting warmer and warmer because of the reduced cooling affect of the sea. There is little rain, but there is a lot of stagnant water. The atmosphere has been poisoned by salts and deadly chemicals. Sandstorms sweep the land carrying with them poisonous salts and other dangerous chemicals. There arent any fish in the Sea: they were slaughtered by the chemicals released. There was also an island which was once a Soviet bio-weapon facility. The harmful waste dumped on this island is currently being cleaned as part of an international project.These are tough times for people living in the regions around the Aral Sea. There are far too limited fishing opportunities, much to the fishermens despair who are now escaping this region. There is little water, clean enough for hygiene and to drink. There are premature births and more miscarriages as a result of a polluted atmosphere. Diseases, such as typhoid, are on the increase. More and more people are becoming unemployed as, not only the fishing, but canning industry suffers as well.Even now, Uzbekistan is one of the largest exporters of cotton in the world. Although, this advantage is only limited as it is only a matter of time as the income from cotton decreases, striking a blow at both nations economies, while income from fishing has already become sparse and unemployment is on the rise.The question at this time is how to undo another of our blunders. The answers proposed are that the quality of irrigation canals be improved and desalination plants be built on the Aral Sea. Another set of ideas are charging farmers to use water and planting cotton that requires less water. But these ideas will require money, which these nations do not possess.In conclusion, Aral Sea is another one of the numerous human-made disasters, but on a much larger magnitude. We should learn from this mistake and keep them in mind as we move on to attain new feats. We also need to take action on the issues of the future NOW, such as the global warming crisis which will affect the whole world and on a lot larger scale than the Aral Sea. Or else, like in this case, it might be too late.

The Nurses Role in Promoting Patient Rights Article

The Nurses Role in Promoting Patient Rights - Article Example Besides, NDNQI helps nurses to deliver quality services and improve patient safety. Therefore, nurses have the ethical obligation to be an advocate of patient vulnerability in the context of the hierarchical system of healthcare. Nurses role involve providing information that helps a patient to make significant decisions. Besides, they speak up in support for patients where necessary. The role of nurses in patient engagement boosts the health outcome by improving care delivery. Patients have the right to receive treatment with honor and respect, therefore, nurses help navigate the unfamiliar healthcare system and promote communication among caregivers. They interpret tests, instructions, and procedures in terms the patient can follow and understand (Wood, 2010). Besides, they integrate all aspects of patient’s care and ensure that concerns, standards, and positive outcome of the patient are met. In a scenario at my workplace, a patient failed to know his right for an active care and proper diagnosis. There was a case of a physician undertaking medical malpractice and negligence on a patient (wrong diagnosis). Therefore, I brought up the concern of the organization. The physician was charged, and the p atient received the care that he deserved. Besides, NDNQI is significant in enhancing the quality of service of patients. NDNQI prevalence rates for various diseases creates the formation of action plans to eradicate the disease. For instance, NDNQI data on CAUTIs has enhanced its mitigation and reduction levels (Simon, Klaus & Dunton, 2009). Therefore, nurses in conjunction with NDNQI increase patient’s welfare. Guglielmi, C.L., Stratton, M., Healy, G.B., Shapiro, D., Duffy, W.J., Dean B.L. & Groah, L. K. (2014). The growing role of patient engagement: relationship-based care in a changing health care system. AORN, 99(4), 517-528. doi:

Technologies in Shipping and Port Management Essay

Technologies in Shipping and Port Management - Essay Example Nowadays, the bulk carriers are the biggest workers of the fleet, transporting raw materials such as iron ore and coal (Shipping Facts, 2010). Tankers are useful in transporting crude oil, potentially hazardous chemicals, and petroleum products. Tankers often look quite the same as bulk carriers, but the deck of the tankers is usually flushed and covered by oil pipe and ventilation systems (Shipping Facts, 2010). In the same period, a further potential design was intended to revolutionize the transfer of cargo on land as well as, on the ocean, and this design was the freight container. The idea, which had been first developed in the United States during the 1950s, was to pack cargo into rectangular metal boxes, which could be transported by road, railway or ship (Overview of Shipping and Navigation history, 2010). Now container ships, which carry most of the worlds manufactured goods and products, are usually done through scheduled liner services (Shipping Facts, 2010). With the exception of the aforementioned ships, there are two other types of ships that are popular in shipping, one of which are ferries, which usually fulfil shorter trips for a mixture of passengers and commercial vehicles. Most of these ships are Ro-Ro (roll on - roll off) ferries, where allow vehicles to drive straight on and off, making it a speedy and easily accessible way to travel. The other type of ship is known as a specialist ship.  

Executive summary Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Executive summary - Assignment Example Gripper company roadmap starts with our specific mission, which is lasting. It declares our purpose as an organization and serves as the standard against which we assess our decisions and actions. Our mission is to improve safety in the world; to inspire optimism and happy moments and to create a value and make the difference. Our core objectives are to increase sales over the next two years, to improve our gross margin over the current line of product and maintain the level, to meet the market demand at a high gross margin. Our near and long term goals is the Growth of our company with the development of new and quality products, moving our operations to many countries, selling products at a cheap price and producing quality products over our rivals. Gripper Company is a regional company that sells its products on wholesale to its retail customers. The percentage of our gross margin is above average with many customers coming from within the country. The company hopes to become an international company within two years. It is an anti-slip treatment that is proven to make wet floors slip resistant. It brings about non-slip tile floors, bathtubs, or non-slippery shower floors in minutes. It prevents slip-fall accidents in bathrooms, kitchens, workplaces hotels or anywhere with a slippery tile floor (Pinson and Linda

Media in Goa Essay Example for Free

Media in Goa Essay I can proudly say that I was the first television journalist to start work from Goa, till then Channels from Mumbai Delhi only sent their camera team and reporters for any major news event happening here. A decade later today its great that we have a number of local television channels and a 12 hour news channel as well. In that regard Goa Newsline was our first major step towards setting up of this industry in Goa. After 2 years of Newsline a number of other channels had jumped into the news making fray and the rest as you all know is there for all of us to see. I completed my Masters Degree in Communication studies from the Department of Communcation Studies University of Pune as there was no Journalism related course in Goa then. After that I interned with Zee News Noida and underwent practical training in Electronic News Media . Thereafter I joined Asian News International (ANI) and joined them as a Correspondent Camera-person for the state of Goa. Thereafter I joined Aaj Tak and worked for them as their Goa Correspondent, My father Mr. Waman Prabhu is also a journalist and was in the print media. As the electronic media fever caught up he joined Zee News as Goa Correspondent and together we covered Goa in all its splendour for these national channels. In this entire process there was a feeling that Goa was not being given due coverage on National TV and all the snippets that were shown of Goan Festivals and Events were not doing justice to the actual event. There was so much that was happening in Goa yet the national channels were just not interested. All that mattered to them was the Goan Carnival Christmas and New Year in Goa. And we all know that there’s so much more that the rest of the country needs to know about Goa. That was the time when the thought of a Goa News Channel crossed our minds and we both along with my younger brother Pravesh went ahead with a Goa News Channel. It was a tough exercise. Covering Goa for national channels was completely different.. for a local news channel the same had to be done in a local perspective. We started with a half an hour news bulletin which covered all aspects of the state the political,social,religious and sports aspect of Goa. It was Feb 2002 Goa Newsline was a valentine gift to the people of Goa. Because till then they could only rely on the erratic Doordarshan round up of events which happened every week. When we started Newsline we opted for Konkani as our news language because it was a language tht could connect us to the people of Goa. It was sheer hard work because our effort was to deliver todays news today-all over Goa. We wanted the people could watch the news at home before they read it on the papers the next day,that was the USP of our news. We dealt with time constraints as there was no highend editing software at that time with us. But yet we managed fine all the morning/ afternoon events were incorporated in our news bulletin. Yet another hurdle that we faced was initially people were reluctant to air their views on Camera, the concept looked good on national tv but it was difficult to accept it initially. Politicians too hesitated over how and what they spoke on local tv but gradually the transformation took place And once the news began there was a flood of appreciation that motivated us to perform better. We had no high end machinery and no spacious studio. Yet we had to deliver CD’s to over 23-24 locations everyday at a given time and the manpower—just the three of us. My father wrote the newsscript, Pravesh did the shoot and edit on camera and I read the news and pitched in for the filming of events as well. It was an effort that met with a lot of praise and also its share of criticism. I am glad that happened then as we complete ten years of Newsline this February. Goa Newsline was what everybody living here needed because audio visual media has its own power –the power of delivering an event happening in some place of Goa that you can relate to right in your home. It was a novelty in the beginning and we had endless lists of people who wanted us to cover their events -some interesting some trivial. It wont be wrong to state that Goa Newsline started the chapter of Electronic TV Journalsim in Goa and that it continues to have a loyal viewership in this day and age of Direct Transmission to Homes like Dish TV etc. It’s a challenge now to maintain the erratic cable connections when you have a no hassle set top box installed on your tv providing you crystal clear transmission but people here have still maintained their cable connectitons nly to watch the news programmes that are aired on these cable channels. So in a way it is also right that the cable industry in Goa is surviving on the hefty fees that these channels pay them and the connections which have not yet been replaced by Dish TV for the sake of Goan News updates. I feel the cable network industry should in turn protect the interest of the news channels in order to strengthen the chances of their survival.

Auschwitz: Overview of the Concentration Camp Essay -- Germany Hitler

Auschwitz: Overview of the Concentration Camp The Holocaust was one of the most horrifying crimes against humanity. "Hitler, in an attempt to establish the pure Aryan race, decided that Jews, Poles, Soviet prisoners of war, Roma (Gypsies), and homosexuals amongst others were to be eliminated from the German population. One of his main methods of exterminating these â€Å"undesirables† was through the use of concentration and death camps. In January of 1941, Adolf Hitler and his top officials decided to make their â€Å"final solution† a reality. Their goal was to eliminate the Jews and the â€Å"impure† from the entire German population. Auschwitz was not only the largest concentration camp that carried out Hitler's â€Å"final solution,† but it was also the most extensive. It was comprised of three separate camps that encompassed approximately 25 square miles. Although millions of people came to Auschwitz, it is doubted that more than 120,000-150,000 ever lived there at any one time. (Encyclopedia of the Holocaust) On April 27, 1940, the head of the SS and German police, Heinrich Himmler, ordered that a new concentration camp be established near the town of Oswiecim. A short while later the building of the camp in Zasole, the suburb of Oswiecim, was started. The camp was to be called Auschwitz. The first laborers forced to work on the construction of the camp were three hundred Jews from Oswiecim and its vicinity. (Encyclopedia of the Holocaust) After the completion it covered two square kilometers and took approximately one and a half hours to walk around its perimeter. (Feig, 340) On the gate of Auschwitz was a sign in German that read, â€Å"Arbeit macht frei,† which translates into English as â€Å"work makes one free.† (Feig, 334) This was one of the many lies which the Nazis told their prisoners. The first Jews in Auschwitz believed that they were just being taken there to work for the Nazis. As more and more people died word leaked to the outside world about what was really happening at Auschwitz. The Jews and other undesirables were forced by S.S. soldiers to leave their homes and nearly all of their possessions behind to board crowded trains to Auschwitz. Ironically most of the time they had to pay for the train rides that eventually led to their death. The train rides to Auschwitz were an introduction to the treatment that the deportees were to receive at the ca... ...ewly constructed factories such as the German Armaments Works and the German Earth and Stone Works. (Encyclopedia of the Holocaust) Auschwitz was the largest graveyard in human history. The number of Jews murdered in the gas chambers of Birkenau is estimated at up to one and a half million people: men, women, and children. Almost one-quarter of the Jews killed during World War II were murdered in Auschwitz. Of the 405,000 registered prisoners who received Auschwitz numbers, only a part survived; and of the 16,000 Soviet prisoners of war who were brought there, only 96 survived. Works Cited Bauer, Yehuda. A History of the Holocaust. New York: Franklin Watts, 1982. Feig, Konnilyn G. Hitler's Death Camps. New York: Holmes & Meier Publishers, 1979. Guttman, Isreal, Ed. Encyclopedia of the Holocaust. New York: Macmallin, 1990. Hellman, Petrt. The Auschwitz Album. New York: Random House, 1981. Lynott, Douglas Josef Mengele: The Angel of Death Mà ¼ller, Filip. Auschwitz: Three Years in the Gas Chambers. New York: Stein and Day,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1979. Nyiszli, Dr. Miklos Auschwitz: An Eyewitness Account of Mengle's Infamous Death   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Camp. New York: Seaver Books, 1960.

Physics in Sports Essay -- essays research papers fc

Physics in Sports   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When many people think of sports, the topic of physics doesn't always come to mind. They usually don't think about connecting athletics with academics. In reality math, science, and especially physics, tie into every aspect of sports. Sports are a commonality that brings nations together, Soccer, known as football to most of the world, is said to an unspoken language, which unties people from different lands through a passion to play a game. Athletics and sports are made by the people who play, watch, and study them. Without all of the enthusiastic participants, there would be no development, education, and intensity that we all know and love about sports. The one component that reigns over the world of sports that most people don't realize is physics, Gravity, uniform circular motion, projectile motion, and constant acceleration are a few that occur in every sport event that has ever taken place.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the three articles that I chose to write about the concepts of physics are explained in each one. In every article there is the similarity that physics and technology are the reasons for the advances in the sports. In the first article it is evident by the statement, â€Å"High-tech bats have so enhanced players’ power that some leagues have taken to limiting the number of home runs a team can hit.† (Jay Greene 2,3) Even in the second article with the statement, â€Å"The higher we can get the COR, the faster the ball would shoot off from the â€Å"collision† – it would go further.† (Coefficient of Restitution 2,1) Lastly in the third article when the author stated, â€Å"Clearly, pole-vaulting is an example of a sport in which technology has been used to improve athletic performance.† (The Physics of pole-vaulting ) Without physics these technological advances could not be made. Although these technological advances do nt come without some issues attached. With the new technology of the carbon and fiberglass bats, questions can be asked like, is there a point where advancements have gone too far? If bats are continuing to be modified and made to hit the ball farther, what will happen to the game of baseball? Already some bats are being banned from leagues and players feel they have to take more safety precautions because of the potential injury from the ball speed. I really believe that the bat industry... ...hysics in sports in general, I can see new developments taking place and new terms being discovered in years to come.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In conclusion these articles and my research of physics in sports showed me that physics is everywhere. Physics is not only used in sports but in everyday life. The ways physics can help society are endless. Physics in sports is only a small example of how understanding things like vectors, trampoline effect, and strain energy can advance a sport so much. In doing this project I really learned that physics is so much more than just equations and scientific terms. It’s a way of life, it’s a way to really improve the world and make it a better place and I appreciate physics a lot more now for that. Bibliography â€Å"High-Tech Homers.† Business Week Online. 2004. Business Week. 4/2/05 http://businessweek.com/magazine/content/04_30/b3893095_mz018.htm. â€Å"Coefficient of Restitution.† Golf Stars Online. 2001-2005 Golf Stars. 4/2/05 http://www.golfstarsonline.com/golfclubs/cor.htm. â€Å"The Physics of pole-vaulting.† Neo Vault 2003-2005 A Pole Vault Resource 4/2/05 http://www.neovault.com/articles_physics_of_pole_vaulting.asp.

Russians Conversion to Christianity

The conversion of Russians to Christianity was a big step towards Slavic civilization. The role of converting these people was upon the Orthodox Church which played an important role in helping the neighbors of Byzantine to take Byzantine cultures while at the same time helping to spread Christianity. Emperors from Byzantine in their bid to help their neighbors change their barbaric and hostile ways of life tried to use such methods as church conversions, judicious diplomacy and promotion of international trade. There were various reasons why Russians were converted to Christianity and in doing so; some strategies were employed by the Orthodox Church and the emperors. This paper is mainly going to focus on these two issues. One of the key steps that were taken in 863 was to provide the Russians or the Slavs who included the Danube who later were conquered by Magyars, the Czechs, the Moravians, Polinians and the Lyakhs who were also sometimes regarded as the Poles with a custom made Slavic alphabet or simply a modified Greek alphabet which was known as Glagothic. This helped them to make these people feel proud of their work as the Slavic alphabets were to be used in scripture translation and translation of other liturgical works. Invention of Slavic language was a milestone in the spread of Christianity and this became the platform that future conversion activities for the Russians took place. As per the Russian Primary Chronicle, because of the presence of emperors who highly valued Byzantine cultures, many Moravians had been converted by the Orthodox Church into Christianity but the problem was that they could not read the scripture and interpret it in their own language . This was because they were not familiar with Latin and Greek language that was used in the scripture and the problem was that there were preachers who would teach them this today and tomorrow interpret the same topic differently, now they wanted to be taught a language that they would use to read the bible for themselves and interpret it accordingly because those that came to preach to them would take advantage of their inability to read and interpret the scripture. We understand neither Greek nor Latin some teach us one thing and some another. Furthermore, we do not understand written characters nor their meaning. Therefore send us teachers who can who can make known to us the words of the scriptures and their sense† . To achieve this end, Moravian Slavs led by emperor Kostel, Rostilav and Sviatopolk requested Michael, the Byzantine emperor to help them with teachers who would assist in scripture translation into their native language. After receiving their request, the emperor asked the most professional scholars in his region to lend a hand in the translation work and they agreed to help. The scholars went to Kostel, Rostilav and Sviatopolk and took it upon themselves the duty of teaching Moravian Slavs how to read the scripture especially after they successively translated it into their Slavic native tongue. They started by composing Slavic alphabet and later they started the work of translating the scripture especially the Acts and the Gospels. Nothing made these Slavs happier than to hear the gospel preached in their native language. These scholars also helped in translating other pieces of work apart from the scripture for example they translated books such as Oktoechos and the Psalter among others . The zealots were not pleased by the idea of translating the scripture into Slavic language and thus they openly criticized this move. They argued that only Latin, Greek and Hebrew languages were supposed to be used in the scripture but the Pope did not share these sentiments and he dismissed these claims. To facilitate the conversion work of the Russians into Christianity, Methodius was appointed by Prince Kostel as one of Apostle Paul’s seventy disciples and he was given the task of bible translation, a job that he effectively did within six months but with the help of the two priests who were also professional writers. Methodius being an apostle worked hand in hand in hand with Bishop Andronicus who had been appointed by Apostle Paul to help him in the spread of the gospel to the Moravians . Another major break in the conversion of Russians into Christianity was achieved during the reigns of Vladimir in 980. Vladimir was a pagan leader who prayed idols and had even erected some of them on the hills and decorated them with gold moustaches and silver heads. Some of these idols were Khors, Stribog, Mokosn’, Dazh’bog and Simar’gi. People would sacrifice their offspring to these idols and thus this land was full of blasphemous blood. In 987 Vladimir after many trials by Bulgars to accept their religion summoned his ‘nobles’ to seek for their advice on whether they should abandon worshipping their idols and adopt other types of religion like that for Germans, Greek or for Jews. All of these had approached Vladimir and asked him to join their religion and now he was at crossroads to know what step to take from there. The Greeks claimed that whoever worshipped their God would have eternal life but those who followed other faith would burn in eternal fire. After asking nobles their stand, they said that unless they experience immediate knowledge of those rituals then they were not in a position to advice. They thus went and learnt for themselves but were not impressed by how Germans and Jews practiced their rituals but for the Greek the answer though not very direct was positive. â€Å"Everyman, after tasting something sweet, is afterward unwilling to accept that which is bitter, and therefore we can no longer remain here (Paganism)† . They argued that in German rituals they did not see any beauty and that for the Jews was bad but to the Greek’s ritual they could not know whether they were still on earth or in heaven because it was beauty beyond human description. This made Vladimir jealous and attacked his opponents a year later and proceeded to Kherson and conquered this Greek city. After this he issued demands to the Greek emperors-Constantine and Basil that they had to give to him their unmarried sister or else he would destroy the whole city but they told him that he would only get the girl if and only if, he got baptized as it was against their Christian faith and teachings to sell off their Christian sister to a pagan. Vladimir badly wanted this girl and thus he softened his heart and agreed to get baptized on condition that he would be baptized by this unwedded girl known as Anne. The emperors agreed to this and people rejoiced and danced as he got baptized. Vladimir then disclosed to them that he knew of their religion as he had sent emissaries before to enquire on the same and they gave him a positive answer . Just as it was a custom to pay bride price after marrying a girl, Vladimir returned Kherson to its rightful owners as his dowry. When he went back home he ordered all idols to be destroyed and said that those who would not get baptized the following day were not his friends any more and thousands big and small, young and old went to the river to be baptized and a history was made as never before had so many people been baptized at one time. Vladimir after this constructed wooden churches on the grounds where he had set his idols to show the world that he was truly a converted Christian. He also sent priests to go all over the town and cities to preach to the unconverted and convert and baptize them. The reasons that made the Russians to get baptized was their desire to be able to read and interpret the scripture without asking for an interpreter as those people who came to teach them took advantage of their inability to read and write. That was why they asked Emperor Michael to assist them in composing Slavic alphabets something that they did willingly. Another thing that acted as a catalyst towards Russians conversion to Christianity was Vladimir’s desire to marry Emperor’s unwedded sister. This led to his baptism as well as the baptism of other hundred thousands of his followers.

Converting Ounces to Grams

Converting Ounces to Grams This worked example problem demonstrates how to convert ounces to grams. This is a common type of mass unit conversion problem. One of the most common practical reasons to know how to do this conversion is for recipes, so lets start with a food example: Ounces To Grams Problem A chocolate bar weighs 12 ounces. What is its weight in grams? Solution One of the easiest ways to solve this problem is to use the pound to kilogram conversion. If you like in a country where both units are used, this is a useful conversion to know. Start by converting ounces into pounds. Then convert the pounds into kilograms. All that remains is to move the decimal point three places to the right to convert kilograms into grams. Here are the conversions you need to know:16 oz 1 lb1 kg 2.2 lbs1000 g 1 kgYou are solving for x numbers of grams. First, convert ounces into pounds. The next part of the solution converts pounds to kilograms, while the final section converts kilograms to grams. Note how units cancel each other out, so all you are left with is grams. x g 12 ozx g 12 oz x (1 lb/16 oz) x (1 kg/2.2 lb) x (1000 g/1 kg)x g 340.1 g Answer The 12 oz chocolate bar weighs 340.1 g.

Civil Aviation Industry essay part 2

Civil Aviation Industry essay part 2 Civil Aviation Industry essay part 2 Civil Aviation Industry essay part 2Civil Aviation Industry essay part  1Nevertheless, there are still many challenges. Recent study proves the fact that â€Å"safety performance has not been evenly distributed across all segments of commercial aviation, nor among all countries and regions of the world† (Oster et al., 2013, p.148). It has been found that some countries demonstrate poorer safety performance records comparing with the U.S. civil aviation industry. The major challenges to successful improvement of aviation security include the challenges caused by inability to identify the terrorists and the tools they might use to commit crimes; inability to determine how to effectively respond to terrorist threats; and the use of improper methods in â€Å"determining the public versus private roles in providing aviation security† (Oster et al., 2013, p.148). It has been found that there is a necessity to address safety challenges through the implementation of new metho ds, which â€Å"require development and understanding of new forms of data to improve safety in other segments of commercial aviation, and moving from a reactive, incident-based approach toward a more proactive, predictive and systems-based approach† (Oster et al., 2013, p.148).Generally speaking, the effects of fears of terrorism on the development of air safety aviation industry since 9/11include psychological effects, economical effects, and social effects, which could be addressed by implementation of effective airport management and technological strategies.The consequences of the aviation industry’s tendency to wait  until there is a major accident before implementing safetyThe consequences of the aviation industry’s tendency to wait until there is a major accident before implementing safety are negative. According to researchers, there are many   findings that point out to the fact that posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms related to the Sept ember 11, 2001, attacks occurred in large numbers of persons who did not fit the traditional definition of exposure to a traumatic event† (Marshall et al., 2007, p. 304). This fact means that the tendency to wait until there is a major accident before implementing safety should be annihilated immediately. Psychological effects of this tendency lead to negative consequences, including public distrust and poor social support.In fact, the aviation industry involves two important components, including human resources and hardware, such as â€Å"technological detection devices, metal detectors, and x-ray machines† (Yalcinkay Ozmen, 2007, p. 270). It is possible to provide successful aviation security if both components work together in a proper way. Due to technological progress, aviation industry could use the latest innovations in the field of aviation security.   As a result, the aviation industry’s tendency to wait until there is a major accident before impleme nting safety can be explained as improper organization, systematization and supervision of the major operations. The aviation industry needs financial support and technological support to function effectively in age of terrorism. The numerous vulnerabilities of the aviation system are closely connected with the harmful effects of terrorist attacks. According to Yalcinkay and Ozmen (2007), â€Å"since terrorism involves using violence, many people have suffered greatly from terrorist attacks, and these attacks on the aviation industry always result in catastrophes† (p. 259). Thus, the tendency to wait until there is a major accident before implementing safety jeopardizes human life and health.The major strategies aimed at improving safety  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The major strategies aimed at improving safety in the civil aviation industry include the strategies, which involve the most needed security improvements. It is necessary to consider the history of the civil aviation security, comparing currently used in-flight security practices with those used by other countries. According to researchers, â€Å"terrorists’ motivation and perspectives of life are important reasons why they choose the aviation industry as targets† (Yalcinkay Ozmen, 2007, p. 260). It is necessary to understand that terrorists are focused on attacking the aviation industry because of their motives, which include religious, political and ideological motives. As the aviation industry involves many people, terrorists’ attacks may result in large casualties, caused long-lasting economic damage not only to the aviation industry, but also to the whole country. The history of the civil aviation security provides many examples of terrorist attacks (Price Forrest, 2012).Undoubtedly, the role of Transportation Security Administration changes in aviation industry security, policy implementation and training regulation since the events of 9/11is signi ficant in finding the most effective strategies (Price Forrest, 2012).Considering a wide range of aviation terrorist incidents, it is possible to improve current civil aviation security in the current geopolitical climate. In fact, the government should continue developing effective strategies to provide â€Å"transition to a proactive, human-centered, and threat-driven security system that harnesses the expertise and experience of all parties- regulators, airlines, airports, and labor†(Aviation Security: 10 Years after the 9/11 Attacks, 2012). As a result, there is a necessity to make a shift away from the aviation industry’s focus on the detection and interdiction of the major threats to the â€Å"determination of the presence of hostile intent† (Aviation Security: 10 Years after the 9/11 Attacks, 2012).The most significant accomplishments in the civil aviation industry since 9/11 include:the creation of the U.S. DOT Rapid Response Teams;the establishment of New Federal Security Agencies, including the Transportation Security Administration (TSA), the Department of Homeland Security and other agencies;the development and implementation of the common strategy, named Passenger and All-Cargo Domains, which provides an effective standardized crisis response plan to address the major threats in the aviation industry;the establishment of Federal Air Marshal and In-Flight Security Officer Programs, which are aimed at providing greater and more effective deterrence and security operations onboard the flights, both domestic and international;the development and implementation of the Federal Flight Deck Officer Program, which helps to â€Å"protect the flight decks of both passenger and all-cargo airliners and add a key layer of additional security to air transportation† (Aviation Security: 10 Years after the 9/11 Attacks, 2012);the use of Reinforced Flight Deck Doors based on the requirements of the Aviation and Transportation Security Ac t of 2002 to strengthen the flight deck doors on all types of airliners;the use of Secondary Barriers, which include â€Å"netting, strands of wire, or other lightweight materials placed on the cabin side of the fortified flight deck door† (Aviation Security: 10 Years after the 9/11 Attacks, 2012);the improvement of Jumpseat Security;the implementation of Threat-Based Security aimed at identifying the individuals with the intent to do harm;the improvement of the Pilot-Screening Programs aimed at enhancing threat-based security and â€Å"recognizing the trustworthiness of airline pilots, who are the most heavily scrutinized employees in the aviation industry† (Aviation Security: 10 Years after the 9/11 Attacks, 2012);the improvement of Cargo Security in order to address the major challenges of the â€Å"air cargo supply chain, the demands associated with the flow of commerce, and economic constraints† (Aviation Security: 10 Years after the 9/11 Attacks, 2012);the strengthening of Safeguarding Aircraft from Laser Attacks (Aviation Security: 10 Years after the 9/11 Attacks, 2012).In general, the state of aviation security requires the proper analysis of the major characteristics of the air transportation system that may complicate the achievement of the established goals in providing high level of security. The strategies aimed at improving safety in the civil aviation industry should consider the event of 9/11 and the changes that have occurred since. According to Zyliowicz (2005), â€Å"no overall systematic program has yet been put in place to deal with the threats that terrorism poses to the various elements of aviation†(p. 47). The civil aviation security requires integrating antiterrorism strategies into foreign policy, as well as the ongoing efforts to deal with the major factors that promote the spread of terrorism.Conclusion  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Thus, it is necessary to conclude that accidents caused by terrorism, including gunfire, hijacking and bombings have become the major challenges for successful operation in the field of aviation industry. The effects of fears of terrorism on the development of air safety aviation industry since 9/11 are both negative and positive. Terrorist attacks have political and economic ramifications that influence the development of the civil aviation industry. As passenger airlines continue to be the major targets of terrorist attacks, the economic effects are really devastating for the civil aviation industry. Both the government and private organization in the civil aviation industry should work jointly against terrorists’ attacks.RecommendationsThe 9/11 terrorist attacks resulted in considerable changes for the civil aviation industry security through implementation of the joint efforts of government, civil aviation industry, and labor. Based on recent studies provided by ALPA, â€Å"aviation security progressed significantly because of t hese efforts, but ongoing improvements will always be needed to stay ahead of the ever-changing threat† (Aviation Security: 10 Years after the 9/11 Attacks, 2012). The key recommendation regarding the most needed security improvements include:Implementation of Threat-Based Security;Securing of All-Cargo Flight Operations;Enhancement of the Federal Flight Deck Officer Program;Institution of the Threatened Airspace Management;Installation of Secondary Barriers on All Airliners;Protection of Aircraft from Laser Attacks;Enhancement of Government-Industry-Labor Collaboration (Aviation Security: 10 Years after the 9/11 Attacks, 2012).Improvement of intelligence sharing and collaboration;Providing enhanced training of personnel;Development of effective technical programs (Price Forrest, 2012).