Chiquita Bananas Essay Example for Free

Chiquita Bananas Essay Chiquita is accused for the activities of two psychological oppressor associations that coerced cash from the organization. Casualties and their groups of the assaults performed by these two fear monger associations are searching for remuneration from Chiquita, asserting that the organization is liable for causing those assaults to occur. Chiquita needs to settle on a choice whether to assume the liability for the activities performed by the two associations. Key Facts/Background FARC and AUC (two Colombian associations as of now assigned by the U. S. as psychological militant associations) purportedly compromised Chiquita’s officials to hurt representatives in the Colombian plant if the organization neglected to give the installments to their â€Å"protection. † Chiquita kept on doing as such until two years after the U. S. assigned AUC as a psychological militant association. The U. S. government fined Chiquita for giving â€Å"protection money† to FARC and AUC. Presently the people in question and groups of FARC and AUC are approaching to guarantee pay for harms they acquired because of activities that were financed to a limited extent by the cash gave by Chiquita. In the event that the law that grants casualties and their families to sue suppliers of help to the fear based oppressor associations passes, Chiquita may confront numerous claims for offering this help to FARC and AUC, which may add up to a large number of dollars. The law isn't yet set up yet the issue that Chiquita is confronting is as of now here. Partner Analysis In view of the case one of the fundamental partners is Chiquita. Offering cash to FARC and AUC in any case was unlawful (after 2001) yet additionally not lined up with, what could be seen as company’s commitment to secure its employeesâ€giving cash may have (and really encouraged) the AUC to keep on undermining Chiquita simply like FARC did. The organization didn't show that they are consistent and reasonable in their vision of corporate and social obligation. They couldn't have cared less about the networks they worked in as much as they thought about their own prosperity. The issue is that the installments were at that point made and the organization admitted to it, which finished with a supplication concurrence with the U. S. government. Presently, the test is whether to concede that Chiquita is answerable for activities of FARC and AUC in light of the fact that â€Å"extortion† cash has been paid. This may result in either claims or settlements for all the harm brought about by the two psychological militant associations, which thus will bring about unmistakable bringing down of the main concern and losing believability. Simultaneously (simply like with the Tylenol case) if Chiquita recognizes without anyone else the bad behavior, it might recuperate its picture of socially mindful organization and show that it is lined up with their convictions of ensuring individuals (similarly as they secured their workers, they ought to secure all the individuals who are influenced by their activities). On the off chance that Chiquita will hold up until law is passed and, at that point battle about the duty, it will be expensive, yet in addition the organization will free all the validity they worked with the clients and investors throughout the decades. The U. S. legal framework is another fundamental partner. On the off chance that the law is passed, the courts in U. S. will be entrusted with settling on a choice of whether Chiquita is for sure at risk for, what the organization was accepting to be, paying the coercion and â€Å"protection† cash to protect their workers against hurt from FARC or AUC. Here the court might be in a quandary, since the criminal behavior that Chiquita connected with itself in was accepted to be on the grounds that it was attempting to ensure lives of their representatives. Presently, with one more law in placeâ€to remunerate the individuals who experienced FARC and AUCâ€the difficulty will come down to deciding whether what Chiquita accepted to be the thinking behind these installments, was for sure it. On the off chance that indeed, would we be able to rebuff Chiquita for attempting to secure their representatives? The other principle partners are the people in question (and their groups) of FARC and AUC’s activities. They are attempting to bring to equity individuals who are liable for their misery. Presently, the test is that they are attempting to bring to equity an organization that was not legitimately but instead in a roundabout way hurting them. The thinking behind this is the conviction that the cash Chiquita paid was undoubtedly utilized in harming those individuals. The people in question and their families have option to request equity. The inquiry stays, of who really ought to be brought to equity. Choices Analysis Based on the current circumstance (organization previously confessed to paying the cash, inside records that the cash provided benefits surpassing the securing of the workers were disclosed, danger of claims), Chiquita has couple restricted choices, which depend on equity and obligation. First alternative is to come out now and assume the liability for the activities of FARC and AUC. The law may not be set up yet, however this choice may show that Chiquita is remaining by its guarantee to ensure individuals influenced by its activities. This choice unquestionably addresses the cases of casualties and their familiesâ€they will get the remuneration they are looking for. Chiquita will confront different claims and will be hurt monetarily, which influences investors of the organization. For this situation the thinking behind the installments is acquired placeâ€whether it was for corporate increase or security of workers. Another alternative is decline paying pay to casualties of FARC and AUC dependent on the way that Chiquita did nothing legitimately to hurt them. In addition, they were securing individuals by paying the fear based oppressor. In the event that the law considering the organization liable for these activities isn't set up, the organization and the U. S. equity framework are â€Å"off the hook† and the people in question and families can’t look to have their cases satisfied. On the off chance that the law considering the organization mindful is set up, at that point Chiquita will be brought to equity and both the equity framework and the casualties will have their legitimate cases satisfied. Proposal It comes down to deciding if the organization profited in different manners than shielding their workers from paying for the â€Å"protection† from FARC and AUC. From the data gave in the interior reports it appears as though it did. Indeed, even without the inner records, Chiquita benefitted monetarily from being available for each one of those years in Colombia (Chiquita in Colombia Case, p. 4: as per AUGURA, â€Å"productivity on Latin and Central American manors were multiple times more prominent than in the Caribbean, and expenses to import were half lower†). The organization had the immediate advantage in paying the FARC and AUC for their â€Å"protection. † Doing business in Colombia was worthwhile and surrendering it was (around then) more harming than paying fear monger. That’s why my proposal to Chiquita is to approached and admit to their bad behavior and pay the petitioners for their harms. It will be difficult to run an organization with such past, yet this exercise will (ideally) help maintain a strategic distance from such issues later on (for Chiquita as well as different organizations who are working together globally in unsteady political and security situations). Activity Let’s state somebody is taking steps to execute me except if I give the person in question my vehicle. I know the person may slaughter another person with itâ€I wouldn’t surrender it regardless of whether I paid with my own life for it. In the event that my family is threatenedâ€I surrender it, since I am answerable for additional individuals. In the event that the circumstance rehashes over numerous years and consistently I surrender the vehicle to secure myself and my family, an ever increasing number of individuals are being executed. Do I admit to what that somebody does? Am I answerable for this? I would need to feel that not. In any case, if there is an instance of rehash activities like this, I would need to assume that liability. Furthermore, that’s why Chiquita should follow up on their center social duty esteems they lecture. Summary By offering cash to FARC and AUC, Chiquita affirmed of the activities of the two associations. The arrangement is to now assume the liability for these activities.

Simple Conjugations of Danser, French for to Dance

Straightforward Conjugations of Danser, French for to Dance When you need to move in French, which action word would you use? On the off chance that you answeredâ danser, at that point youd be right. The similitude of the English and French words makes it a simple one to recall. Its additionally a moderately straightforward action word to conjugate into the past, present, or future tense. Conjugating the French Verb Danser Danserâ is aâ regular - er action word. It observes a standard action word conjugation design which is found in most of French action words. This implies learning it is only somewhat simpler, especially if youve as of now retained words likeâ dã ©ciderâ (to choose) andâ cuisinerâ (to cook). For the easiest action word conjugations, start by recognizing the action word stem:â dans-. To this, we will mix it up of infinitive endings to match the subject pronoun with the suitable tense of the subject. For example, I move becomes je danse while we will move is nous danserons. Subject Present Future Blemished je danse danserai dansais tu danses danseras dansais il danse dansera dansait nous dansons danserons dansions vous dansez danserez dansiez ils dansent danseront dansaient The Present Participle of Danser Include the closure - antâ to the stem ofâ danserâ to make theâ present participleâ dansant. This is an action word, however it very well may be a descriptive word, ing word, or thing in certain conditions. The Past Participle and Passã © Composã © Theâ passã © compos㠩â is a typical type of the past tense moved in French. To develop it, conjugate theâ auxiliary verbâ avoirâ to coordinate the subject pronoun, at that point join theâ past participleâ dansã ©. Its very basic when it meets up. For instance, I moved is jai dansã © and we moved is nous avons dansã ©. More Simple Danser Conjugations There might be times when you have to utilize one of the accompanying structures ofâ danserâ as well. In any case, the conjugations above ought to be your essential concentration from the outset. You can utilize the subjunctive action word state of mind when the activity of moving is questionable. Along these lines, the contingent action word disposition infers that the moving will just occurâ ifâ something else occurs. In writing, you may likewise run over the passã © basic or the blemished subjunctive. Subject Subjunctive Contingent Passã © Simple Flawed Subjunctive je danse danserais dansai dansasse tu danses danserais dansas dansasses il danse danserait dansa dansã ¢t nous dansions danserions dansã ¢mes dansassions vous dansiez danseriez dansã ¢tes dansassiez ils dansent danseraient dansã ¨rent dansassent For statingâ danserâ in short shouts, demands, or requests, the basic structure is utilized. For example, Lets move! is Dansons ! While making these, avoid the subject pronoun as its inferred in the action word itself. Basic (tu) danse (nous) dansons (vous) dansez

Why Ban Smoking in US Military Essays

Why Ban Smoking in US Military Essays Why Ban Smoking in US Military Essay Why Ban Smoking in US Military Essay In an authorized report by the Pentagon and the Department of Veterans Affair (VA), a restriction on smoking in US military was proposed which was said would change more probable the whole culture of the military (Fox News). Whenever endorsed, it would end the gainful deals of tobacco around US army installations and make smoking unlawful among formally dressed warriors, even in battles. Newcomers to the administration would should be without tobacco and treatment projects would be extended once the proposition is established. The investigation proposed a five-to 10-even 20-year time frame progressive eliminate of the ban.The advocates of the boycott contend that it is generally advantageous. Smoking debilitates the warriors in light of the fact that can cause malignancy and other cardiovascular infections. This means terrible showing during fights. The method of reasoning behind the proposition is fundamentally to ensure individuals, both the smokers and the individuals who endure t he impacts of recycled smoking. In what capacity can the nation depend on servicemen who are undermined of various ailments, for example, disease, emphysema and other heart issues? Then again, the individuals who are restricting the boycott guarantee that tobacco is a need to over come the absence of rest and food during war. At the point when troopers smoke, they can overlook other substantial needs which are difficult to get in the field in any case. Be that as it may, this idealism doesn't tackle the issue. For instance, studies would show that fighters who experience the ill effects of discouragement or post-horrible pressure issue are bound to smoke. Rather than looking for proficient wellbeing from specialists, these troopers look for redirection is smoking which doesn't take care of the issue yet make another one.According to the investigation, the tobacco boycott would diminish Pentagon of $846 million every year in clinical consideration and lost efficiency. For VA, the boy cott implies getting rid of the $6 billion in medications for sickness cause by smoking. Administration individuals were discovered to be overwhelming smokers ? warriors are around 37 percent and marines 36 percent. Contrasted with the proportion of grown-up American smokers to non-smokers of 1:5, one of every three men in administration is smoking. 50% of troopers who experienced battle were bound to utilize tobacco than the individuals who did not.In the US, the historical backdrop of smoking boycott began in 1975 in the province of Minnesota when the Minnesota Clean Indoor Air Act was passed (Hung, et. al., 2005). From the start, just eateries have areas where smoking was restricted. Inevitably, through the Freedom to Breathe Act of 2007, all eateries and bars statewide were restricted. This was followed in 1990 by San Luis Obispo, California, the primary city on the planet to prohibit smoking from every open spot. Enlivened by California’s responsibility, New York began e xecuting band in 2008.Critics of the smoking bans keep up that it is an infringement of individual rights. Everybody is considering the privilege of everyone aside from the privilege of the smokers. This contention depends on John Stuart Mill’s â€Å"harm principle,† expressing that the harm of used smoking doesn't warrant government mediation. Different financial specialists contend that smoke boycott isn't really the best arrangement. Smokers can generally remunerate nonsmokers without government interruption. Legitimate issues have emerged due to such boycott, generally from influenced organizations that misfortune benefits without pay off (McGowan, 1995). In any case, in 2006, an audit was led in US and set up that smoking bans were probably not going to have terrible impacts in business foundations. Truth be told, numerous bars and cafés have encountered a lift in business after they became smoke free.The tobacco boycott is only sensible in spots, for example, th e army installations and their different offices with dangerous risks. This would advance wellbeing, decrease risk and lower vitality use when ventilation needs go down. Tidiness of the air and the environmental factors because of diminished amount of litter should give the servicemen the motivating force to stop smoking. These people’s essential occupation is to guarantee the citizens’ security from danger and they should assume a significant job in advancing general wellbeing. They are venerated by numerous and should set a case of making a move towards a sound way of life and not holding fast to a culture where smoking turns into an ordinary piece of existence.Soldiers who smoke are bound to drop out before they finish their enrolled responsibilities in view of unexpected weakness. While in administration, they experience the ill effects of poor vision, bomb wellness test, just as being missing from work as often as possible. Warriors who are into smoking are said t o drain more diligently after medical procedure, to recuperate gradually and to be effectively tainted. On the off chance that they endure the battles, they despite everything need to confront the outcomes of being nicotine addicts when they get back home.Secondhand smoke forces a similar issue as much as immediate smoking does (Chapman, 2007). So envision a solitary officer who smokes and contaminates the whole sleeping shelter. Studies show that a nonsmoker who lives with a smoker has a 20 to 30 percent more serious danger of lung malignant growth than nonsmoker who lives with another nonsmoker. In a working environment, a nonsmoker uncovered from used smoke is 16 to 19 percent bound to have lung malignant growth. This is the situation since nonsmokers are presented to a similar measure of cancer-causing agent as affirmed by International Agency for Research on Cancer of the World Health Organization, US National Cancer Institute, U.S. Places for Disease Control and Prevention, U. S. National Institutes of Health and Surgeon General of the United States.Smokers don't just mischief their self yet additionally the earth. There is no debate that smoking dirties the air. There are around 4,000 perilous substance in cigarettes which people breathe in and breathe out in the air (Phalen, 2002). A whole crew of fighters doing the very same thing demonstrates an enourmous amount of contamination. Smoking likewise causes water and land contamination because of million of cigarette butts left on the ground and end up in lakes and waterways. Water creatures confused these cigarette butts with food are being harmed and murdered. Cigarette butts appear to be so irrelevant yet it can do a great deal of harm during the 25 years of its deterioration. While breaking down, its dangerous components hole to the dirt, hurting the plants. They are likewise exceptionally flamable which can cause major fires.To summarize, contentions supporting the smoking boycott in US military exce ed the analysis. At the point when the boycott is formally sanctioned, it will improve the strength of the servicemen, cut the expense for wellbeing administrations and at last, spare lives.Chapman, Simon. General Health Advocacy and Tobacco Control: Making Smoking History. Mama: Blackwell Publishing, Inc, 2007.â€Å"Smoking Ban May Strike Military.† 11 July 2009.â Fox News. 16 July 2009  foxnews.com/legislative issues/2009/07/11/smoking-boycott strike-military/Hung, Yung-Tse, Norman Pereira and Lawrence Wang. Advance Air and Noise Pollution Control. NJ: Humana Press, Inc., 2005.McGowan, Richard. Business, Politics and Cigarettes: Multiple Levels, Multiple Agendas. CT: Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc., 1995.Phalen, Robert. The Particulate Air Pollution Controversy: A Case Study and Lessons Learned. Massachusetts: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2002.

The Importance of Essay Writing

The Importance of Essay WritingYou've already learned how to write an elementary essay but you are not quite sure about the importance of grammar and sentence structure. Asking someone who has a degree in English literature will help. However, you can still be assured that this activity is an integral part of the learning process.You can improve your writing ability by practice. These days, there are many essay writing guides on the internet. However, many of these are good for short term projects. For example, it will tell you how to prepare for an interview or what you should expect from the person you're interviewing. On the other hand, some of these writing guides will guide you into producing a 'good' essay by giving you helpful tips.Before you begin your elementary essay writing project, you have to learn grammar and sentence structure. In most cases, the grammar is easy to learn and hard to master. You can use your own dictionary or your professor's or any other reference to h elp you learn how to do this. Learning grammar is an essential part of college life, so it's a must.You can also use grammar software to help you with your writing skills. This software has several grammar check functions which will check your writing and suggest a correction if you find a mistake. All you have to do is select the type of grammar checking that suits you best and you can run through your document using the software.You may want to use a grammar dictionary to help you out as well. You can always download one from the internet. Be sure to use only free dictionaries because there are often adware programs that can mess up your computer. There are also notepad and word processors that will help you with grammar and sentence structure as well.After you have completed your first draft of your essay, read it through again. Make sure that you get all the points right and that you get every detail correct. You may even want to use the suggestions and corrections you make in a n outline. When you work on your outline, you should go back and check your essay for spelling and punctuation errors.You should then rewrite your essay. Take your outline and change the mistakes you made in the last rewrite. Your goal is to get all the points right and you should not forget the point.Finally, you will need to decide what the correct topic is for your essay. This is very important because it will dictate how the essay will end. Make sure that you choose a topic that is relevant to your topic and you should be able to write a very impressive essay.

Free Essays on Aristotle Vs. Plato

Presentation The Chinese upheaval of 1949 was one of the most earth shattering occasions of this century. The old request, ruled by warlords, police fear and the contentions of Western and Japanese settlers, was toppled by a millions-in number worker armed force. For a fourth of humankind, the way appeared to be available to kill the foundations of destitution, wretchedness and starvation, and assemble a superior society. â€Å"The Chinese individuals have stood up†, pronounced Mao Zedong at the official establishing of People’s China †and millions around the globe trusted him. The effect of the Chinese experience was to be considerably more grounded in the political blast of the late 1960s. As understudies and laborers over the industrialized world moved into fight against their decision classes, numerous communists sought China for motivation. Mao’s resistance to both American and Russian colonialism, and his announced help for national freedom developments, appeared to put him on their side of the blockades. Furthermore, the Cultural Revolution appeared to be evidence that a communist society could spare itself from administration through a consistent procedure of battle. Barely any communists today seek China for motivation. The fantasies of â€Å"Maoism† have been broken by Mao’s replacements, who have efficiently discarded everything that was particular about Mao’s system for financial turn of events. â€Å"Self-reliance† has gone, to be supplanted by â€Å"market socialism†. The Cultural Revolution is currently †properly †portrayed as a significant catastrophe. Furthermore, China’s new rulers have conceded that the economy must be modernized by its reconciliation into the world economy. China has become some portion of the world framework it once appeared to need to oust. However at base Mao and his replacements had a similar point †to manufacture a ground-breaking economy which could contend with the remainder of the world. The requirements and desires of Chinese specialists and laborers have consistently been subjected to that point. The â€Å"socialist... Free Essays on Aristotle Vs. Plato Free Essays on Aristotle Vs. Plato Presentation The Chinese upheaval of 1949 was one of the most earth shattering occasions of this century. The old request, overwhelmed by warlords, police dread and the competitions of Western and Japanese colonialists, was toppled by a millions-in number worker armed force. For a fourth of humankind, the way appeared to be available to destroy the underlying foundations of neediness, wretchedness and starvation, and assemble a superior society. â€Å"The Chinese individuals have stood up†, announced Mao Zedong at the official establishing of People’s China †and millions around the globe trusted him. The effect of the Chinese experience was to be considerably more grounded in the political blast of the late 1960s. As understudies and laborers over the industrialized world moved into fight against their decision classes, numerous communists sought China for motivation. Mao’s resistance to both American and Russian dominion, and his proclaimed help for national freedom developments, appeared to put him on their side of the blockades. What's more, the Cultural Revolution appeared to be evidence that a communist society could spare itself from administration through a consistent procedure of battle. Scarcely any communists today seek China for motivation. The deceptions of â€Å"Maoism† have been broken by Mao’s replacements, who have efficiently jettisoned everything that was particular about Mao’s technique for monetary turn of events. â€Å"Self-reliance† has gone, to be supplanted by â€Å"market socialism†. The Cultural Revolution is currently †properly †depicted as a significant catastrophe. What's more, China’s new rulers have conceded that the economy must be modernized by its combination into the world economy. China has become some portion of the world framework it once appeared to need to topple. However at base Mao and his replacements had a similar point †to construct an amazing economy which could contend with the remainder of the world. The necessities and goals of Chinese specialists and laborers have consistently been subjected to that point. The â€Å"socialist...

The Characteristics Of Design And Build

The Characteristics Of Design And Build The development ventures include numerous exercises. A development task can allude to any structure action that incorporates building, fix, erection, destruction, upkeep, land clearing, earth moving, uncovering, digging, burrowing, drilling, penetrating, impacting, cementing, establishment and so forth. (Lodging Grants, Construction and Regeneration Act, 1996). Every one of these exercises require enormous number of products and ventures. Enormous number of exchanges is should have been set up to help the undertaking. The products and enterprises are secured. They ought to be secured at the most ideal expense to address the issues as far as quality, amount, time and area (Weeley 2010). The development division is critical to the economy. In a large portion of the nations it represents roughly 8-10 percent of total national output GDP. In India it represents 8 percent of GDP presently. The fundamental divisions in development industry in India are Infrastructure, lodging and business improvements. In 2014 the second period of foundation advancement will be begun. This will give extra lift to the development business. Because of enormous number of undertakings the criticalness of obtainment will be significant. In the event that a development venture is secured fittingly, at that point just the task is finished in time with alluring quality and inside assessed cost. There are various acquirement techniques around the globe. The primary acquirement techniques utilized in development are Design and Build, Management Contracting, Construction Management, Build Operate Transfer, Public Private Partnerships, Strategic Partnership, Joint endeavors and so on. In created economies obtainment techniques, for example, Design and Build, Construction Management and Management Contracting are utilized successfully. This is because of the development of the business. In India principally conventional obtainment strategies are utilized. This is because of the idea of the Industry. The development business in India is enormous and dispersed. It comprises huge number of little firms. As there are enormous number of nearby firms, individuals are hesitant to change. The experts additionally want to work inside their storehouses. Because of this they don't escape the safe places and utilize conventional strategies. At present the pattern is changing especially in f ramework undertakings and enormous activities because of the quantities of ventures, the size of tasks and the capital associated with the activities. For the most part the up and coming obtainment techniques are Build Operate and Transfer and Public Private Partnerships. In any case, these are limited to just a couple of quantities of tasks. Still huge quantities of Projects are completed in a customary way. The principle hindrances to take up new acquirement strategies are, huge populace (1.2 billion around) huge comprehensive interest, huge interest spread the nation over, enormous number of little ventures, conventional standpoint of development experts, isolated industry, huge number of little firms, huge untalented work power. Different boundaries incorporate enormous number of provincial dialects, abundance accessibility of gifted experts in a single piece of the nation and shortage in different parts, no standard terms of agreements, distinctive enactment in various states, nearby providers, restraining infrastructure of makes in a locale. So as to discover why the new acquisition techniques can't be executed, principle issues ought to be checked to be specific, financial issues, the executives issues, specialized issues, lawful issues and social issues, in India. These issues are between connected, associated up to a specific level. Cautious perceptions will tell us what are the difficulties so as to actualize new acquirement techniques and will likewise tell us why it is hard to execute new obtainment strategies. The principle question that should be addressed is the reason it is hard to actualize new acquirement strategies in light of the fact that executing new acquisition techniques other than customary techniques will profit the business and will make it simpler to work, convey quality products, improve the gauges, and complete the activities on schedule and inside financial plans. 1.2 Research Aim The point of the exploration is to recognize the obstructions, challenges and holes that confine the usage of new acquisition strategies in India. 1.3 Research Objectives The exploration destinations will incorporate the accompanying 1) Identifying the obstructions which go about as obstacles for execution of new acquirement techniques in the Indian development industry. 2) To examine the issues, to be specific financial issues, specialized issues, the executives issues, legitimate issues and social issues, to discover the components which influence the usage of new obtainment techniques in India. 3) To examine obtainment techniques, for example, Design and Build, Management Contracting and Construction Management and relate it to the conventional Indian acquisition strategy to comprehend the difficulties of the execution of new acquirement strategies in India. 1.4 Scope of Study This investigation of distinguishing proof of obstructions and holes that limit the usage of new obtainment techniques is restricted to the Indian development industry. The information is gathered from optional sources. The principle sources were U.N sees on India, U.K Trade and Investment and other auxiliary information. This investigation looks just into the holes and hindrances. It diagrams different holes and boundaries which are now present in the Indian development industry which thusly influences the usage of new acquisition strategies. This examination limits itself to Identification of holes and obstructions and just infers the holes and boundaries from the nature and character of the Indian development Industry. As pushing increasingly ahead into detail of everything was unrealistic. It examines for the most part into financial issues, the board issues, specialized issues, legitimate issues and social issues and finds the holes which forestall the usage of new obtainment techniques. In the Indian development industry progressively customary strategies for acquirement are utilized, while in created economies different new techniques for acquisition are utilized. This examination will likewise fundamentally investigate acquisition strategies, for example, Design and Build, Management Contracting and Construction Management and contrast it and the customary Indian obtainment technique to discover the obstructions and holes. 1.5 Structure of Dissertation Part 1) This section gives a prologue to the theme and gives the thought regarding how the investigation will be completed. It gives a thought of a quick creating Indian development Industry and the need to adjust new acquisition techniques. It expresses the exploration point, goals and extent of study and furthermore talks about the structure of the thesis Section 2) This part audits the writing related with the examination. It investigates new obtainment strategies, kinds of undertakings in India, Indian development industry and significant elements influencing the development business in India. Section 3) This part portrays the examination approach adjusted inside the extent of the thesis. Auxiliary information, unstructured talks with the specialists and academicians were utilized to address the targets. Section 4) This part portrays India. It depicts the nature and the character of the Indian development industry. It gives an understanding into the Indian development Industry and its methodologies. Section 5) This part takes a gander at the hindrances and the holes that confine usage of new acquirement techniques in India. It takes a gander at the current development Industry in India and its portrayal and distinguishes the boundaries and holes that limit usage of new acquirement techniques in India. Section 6) This part presents the ends and bearing for additional examination around there. Section 2 Writing REVIEW 2.0 Procurement Methods Introduction Around the globe different obtainment strategies are utilized. These techniques are created during that time according to the different forthcoming new undertakings. The determination of the most suitable acquirement technique is basic for both the customer and other task members as it is a significant factor that adds to the general customers fulfillment and undertaking achievement. This choice will be reliant upon various factors, for example, cost, time and quality which are broadly considered just like the most basic rules for customers looking to accomplish their final result at the highest caliber, at the least expense and in the briefest time (Hackett et al. 2007). The kind of acquirement technique embraced predominantly relies on the sort of undertaking, sort of proprietorship, nature of development industry in that specific nation and the development of the business. The determination of the acquirement way is significantly more than just setting up a legally binding relationship (Newcombe 1992), inspite of the proceeding with scan for most extreme incentive for cash. In the created economies, for example, USA, UK, Australia, Sweden and so on acquirement techniques, for example, Design and Build, Management Contracting and Construction Management are utilized from quite a while. This is on the grounds that the development business is created, the ventures are should have been conveyed that way and the customers request the conveyance of activities in that specific way. In this exposition the investigation is restricted to obtainment strategies, for example, Design and Build, Management Contracting and Construction Management. 2.1 Design and Build Configuration fabricate is a strategy to convey a venture wherein the structure and development administrations are shrunk by a solitary substance known as the plan manufacturer or configuration assemble temporary worker. Configuration manufacture depends on a solitary purpose of duty contract and is utilized to limit dangers for the task proprietor and to diminish the conveyance plan by covering the structure stage and development period of a venture. Plan and Build with its single point obligation conveys the most clear legally binding solutions for the customers in light of the fact that the DB contractual worker will be re

Seeing With the Eye of God Woolf, Fry and Strachey - Literature Essay Samples

When youre down on the lower levels of this pyramid, you will be either on one side or on the other. But when you get up to the top, the points all come together, and there the eye of God opens (Campbell, 31). Joseph Campbell presents this description of the Masonic symbol of the pyramid, which is an appropriate analogy of a reoccurring goal in Bloomsbury artistic creation. This goal is a detached, disinterested artistic vision, one free of a personal bias that places a persons vision on a side of the pyramid. This artistic integrity was highly valued in Bloomsbury creation. Virginia Woolf explores this phenomenon through gender in her essay A Room of Ones Own, as well as through the art of Lily Briscoe in the novel To the Lighthouse. This vision is not limited to creation, but applies also to experiencing art, as presented by Roger Fry in An Essay in Aesthetics. Likewise, Lytton Strachey, in his biography of Florence Nightingale in Eminent Victorians, exhibits the importance of detachment and a degree of objectivity when striving for a goal, by describing the aftermath that incurs when she has to overcompensate for the societal limitations of her gender.What one means by integrity, in the case of the novelist, is the conviction that he gives one that this is the truth (Woolf, 72). In A Room of Ones Own, Woolf is attempting to define that artistic vision that each person, or at least people of genius, seem to be endowed with. Unfortunately, the ability to achieve this integrity is fragile, and the torch that illuminates the invisible ink on the walls of the mind is easily smothered (72). Woolfs primary suspect for this is the effect of society on gender, specifically the treatment of women by men. To continue the analogy, this treatment put womens artistic vision on one side of the pyramid. According to Woolf, especially before her own era, women wrote underneath a cloud of anger that prevented them from achieving artistic integrity. Woolf uses Cha rlotte Brontes Jane Eyre as an example: She left her story, to which her entire devotion was due, to attend to some personal grievance (73). This personal grievance is the anger that Bronte had toward men.Woolf does not limit this tainted vision to women. She describes mens reaction to womens demand for social equality. Men had always been superior, And when one is challenged, even by a few women in black bonnets, one retaliates, if one has never been challenged before, rather excessively (99). This motive of retaliation then has the clouding effect on mens writing:But why was I bored? Partly because of the dominance of the letter I and the aridity, which, like the giant beech tree, it casts within its shade. Nothing will grow there There seemed to be some obstacle, some impediment of Mr. As mind which blocked the fountain of creative energy and shored it within narrow limits. (100)The letter I here that Woolf refers to is the personal vestment that the artist has in the writ ing. Woolf asserts the importance of the detached I, and when she uses it she limits it to a convenient term for somebody who has no real being (4). The I she prizes is the detached one, one not limited by the filter of anger, and one that presents vision with artistic integrity. This is what is meant by the eye at the top of the pyramid, which sees all four corners.Bloomsbury valued this detachment in other fields than writing. Strachey reiterates this in Eminent Victorians. He presents Florence Nightingales achievements, and stresses the necessity of her rebellion against the limitations of society on women. He begins by describing Florences unhappiness and boredom with the traditional life, satirically stating, It was very odd; what could be the matter with dear Flo? for there was plenty to do in any case, in the ordinary way, at home. There was the china to look after, and there was her father to be read to after dinner (137). Subject to these restrictions, Florence ove rcompensated by becoming authoritarian, controlling, and worst of all, by destroying her femininity. It is because of this that she was no longer objectively detached from her visions of proper healthcare. Her personal motives and views become irreversibly intertwined with the originally honest and sincere inclination to help others. For instance, because of her adaptive stubbornness, she insists that the windows need to remain open. She ignores the medical fact that this meant that disease would flow in the air to patients. She had to have that stubbornness to get where she was in life, but it permanently clouded her judgment. This problem was the same one that extended to the female writers Woolf cited. According to J. B. Batchelor, Woolf specifically denounces this reaction to oppression:[Woolf] is indignant with women such as head-mistresses and heads of colleges because they have abdicated the specialized role for which their femaleness equips them by adopting male stand ards. Women must not emulate men; they have a better role of their own. (172)Only by embracing her natural femaleness could Nightingale have been able to remain detached from her aspirations, and this is something that society would not allow.Another character in literature, Lily Briscoe, in Woolfs To the Lighthouse, demonstrates that need to break free of social conventions. Throughout the book she is plagued by criticism by Tansley that, because she is a women, she cannot paint. She is also limited by the idea that her art would be hung in attics it would be destroyed (208). It is only when she ignores these clouding issues and looks for her true artistic vision that she is able to finish. With a sudden intensity, as if she saw it clear for a second, she drew a line there, in the centre. It was done (209). She was finally able to look past those limiting factors and achieve her vision.The Bloomsbury groups emphasis of detachment is further supported by Frys Essay in Aesthe tics. This approach is different, but still rooted in experiencing or creating art without personal bias. In this case, detachment occurs because we are not required to react to what we are seeing. Fry gives an example of this, stating that the detachment can be obtained by watching a mirror in which a street scene is reflected. If we look at the street itself we are almost sure to adjust ourselves in some way to its actual existence (19). The experience of the audience of art that Fry is refering to is similar to the experience that a writer with artistic integrity will have. It must in the first place be adapted to that disinterested intensity of contemplation, which we have found to be the effect of cutting off the responsive action (29). The disinterested contemplation that Fry refers to regarding a viewer is the same that Woolf asserts a writer needs to have.Clearly, the members of the Bloomsbury group valued an untainted, pure artistic vision, the eye of God. The ques tion is then, what is pureness of vision? In Florences case, it would allow for undivided attention toward helping people in nursing. What, then, comes from being able to see something with artistic integrity? Referring to creators of higher works of art, Fry states, We feel that he has expressed something which was latent in us all the time, but which we never realized, that he has revealed us to ourselves in revealing himself. Woolfs description is strikingly similar: When one so exposes it and sees it come to life one exclaims in rapture, But this is what I have always felt and known and desired! (72). Whether this level purity is attainable is debatable, as Woolf herself admits:Are not all novels about the writers self? It is only as he sees people that we can see them; his fortunes colour and his oddities shape his vision until what we see is not the thing itself, but the thing seen and the seer inextricably mixed. (Woolf as quoted in Temple, 90)Nonetheless, the members o f Bloomsbury certainly strived for artistic integrity, and perhaps that is the reason so much of their work is still read today.Works CitedFry, Roger. An essay in Aesthetics. Vision and Design. London: Chatto and Windus, 1920.Batchlor, J. B. Feminism in Virginia Woolf. Virginia Woolf. Ed. Claire Sprague. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1971. 169-179Woolf, Virginia. A Room of Ones Own. San Diego: Harcourt, Inc., 1929.Woolf, Virginia. To the Lighthouse. San Diego: Harcourt, Inc., 1927.Strachey, Lytton. Eminent Victorians. San Diego: Harcourt, Inc., 1918.Campbell, Joseph. The Power of Myth. New York: Random House, 1991.Temple, Ruth Z. Never Say I: To The Lighthouse as Vision and Confession. Ed. Claire Sprague. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1971. 90

Alvin and Racial Differences - Free Essay Example

Brains Pay at Last Alvin was born and raised in a neighborhood mainly dominated by black Americans. His father received a promotion and they relocated into an estate that was predominantly occupied by the whites. His father secured him an admission into one of the best schools in the state. The day before school opening day was the longest in his life. Time moved slowly. When he finally got to school, life wasnt as he had imagined. Every pupil in his class was white and they all laughed at him sheepishly when he introduced himself in his Black American accent. Neither of the pupils in the class wanted to share a desk nor a table with him during lunch break. Times were becoming boring because no one was willing be his friend. Alvin became lonely, bored and stressed. He went back home and narrated the whole story to his father and his dad simply told him, Listen son, you might have a different skin color, but the composition of your brains are all the same. Their brain is not painted white, neither is yours painted black!Alvin worked hard in his studies as much he was subjected to stares and sneers. An extrovert at a younger age, he turned himself into a shy introvert because of the ill behaviors of fellow students. He would mostly spend much of his time locked at his home studying while the other kids were having fun. Surely, good brains pay at last. When the results were released, he topped his class much to the disguise of other kids. Indeed, our skin color doesnt reflect on our brains.

Ethics Of Caring And Virtue - 910 Words

Ethics of Caring and Virtue Ethics of virtue is the belief that if a person wants to be considered good, they do good things (Pollock, 1988). In ethics of virtue, happiness is always the outcome of a situation. The main premise of virtue theory lies upon three main principles; virtues, practical wisdom and eudemonia. A virtue is a mean state which lays between two vices. A virtue is a characteristic a virtuous person possesses, for example courage. Courage is a virtue which lays between cowardice and ‘foolhardiness’. Virtue can vary in meaning for each individual depending on their background and history. Aristotle states that all humans have a one end goal which is called eudaimonia (Greek for happiness), and that happiness†¦show more content†¦Therefore, only those with good character can be truly happy. Just so that we can live virtuously, we must avoid extremes and maintain a balance, which Aristotle terms as the â€Å"golden mean† (Pollock, 1988). The â€Å"golden mean† is the balance between the extremes, and we must use rational thinking and reasoning in a balanced fashion. Repeated actions lead to a condition, which makes an action distinct from a condition, therefore meaning one virtuous act does not make a person virtuous. Acts of virtue must become a habit, so that virtuous acts become second-nature. These repeated virtuous acts lead to the condition of virtue, and the condition of virtue equals good character, and vice versa. This creates an assumption of a link between being able to see who we are and what we do, between being and doing. Ethic of Care is a theory of how we care for each other and all of the people around us. It makes us realize how much we value the human relationship. Ethic of Care theory allows us to see the moral value that is placed upon our communities, as well as, persons and asserts that one action can possibly take place in the context relationship. However, the Ethic of Care does not support a dependency relationship between people. The Ethic of Care is about maintaining a relationship that is very mutual. We should always try to constantly maintain a relationship that offers both mutual opportunity and benefits, as well as, consider the implications of

Reporting Money to Customs at the Canadian Border

When traveling to and from Canada, there are rules surrounding what youre allowed to bring into and out of the country. Canadians returning home must declare any goods they purchased or otherwise acquired while out of the country. This includes things like gifts, prizes, and awards, including items that will be shipped later. Anything purchased at a Canadian or foreign duty-free shop also must be declared.   A good rule of thumb when returning to Canada through customs: If youre not sure whether or not  something needs to be declared, its better to declare it and clear it with border personnel. It would be much worse to fail to declare something that officers discover later. Officials can seize any goods being illegally imported into Canada and, if  caught, youre likely to face penalties and fines. If you try to bring a firearm or other weapon into Canada without declaring it, you could face criminal charges. Bringing Money Into Canada There are no limits to the amount of money that travelers may bring into or take out of Canada. However, amounts of $10,000 or more must be reported to customs officials at the Canadian border.  Anyone who fails to report amounts of $10,000 or more could find their funds seized, and face a penalty between  $250 and $500. If you are carrying $10,000 or more in coins, domestic and foreign bank notes, securities such as travelers checks, stocks, and bonds, you must complete a Cross-Border Currency or Monetary Instruments Report - Individual Form E677. If the money is not your own, you should complete Form E667 Cross-Border Currency or Monetary Instruments Report - General. The form should be signed and handed to a customs officer for review. Completed forms are sent to the Financial Transactions and Reports Analysis Center of Canada (FINTRAC) for assessment and analysis. Non-Canadians Visiting Canada Anyone bringing goods into Canada must declare them to a border officer. This rule applies to cash and other items of monetary value. Its a good idea to have some idea of exchange rates because the minimum amount required to be declared is $10,000 in Canadian dollars. Personal Exemptions for Returning Canadians Canadian residents or temporary residents returning to Canada from a trip outside the country and former Canadian residents returning to live in Canada may qualify for personal exemptions. This allows them to bring a certain value of goods into Canada without having to pay the regular duties. Theyll still have to pay duties, taxes and any provincial/territory assessments on the value of goods above the personal exemption. Future Issues at the Border The Canada Border Services Agency keeps a record of violations. Travelers into and out of Canada who develop a record of infractions may have issues crossing the border in the future and may be subject to more detailed examinations. Tip: The best course of action for anyone entering Canada, whether youre a citizen or not, is to have your identification and travel documents readily available.   Be honest and be patient, and youll be on your way quickly.

The Illusion Of The Epoch Neoclassical Economics As A...

This paper will be a summary, review and response to the piece written by John F. Henry titled The Illusion of the Epoch: Neoclassical Economics as a Case Study. This essay written by John F. Henry is an examination of ideas put forward by Karl Marx as well as Friedrich Engel in The German Ideology and their correlation with the principles of neoclassical economics. This idea is referred to as the â€Å"Illusion of the epoch† and is described by Henry as being â€Å"A conceptual framework in which the ideas of the dominant economic class are the dominant ideas in a society and increasingly present themselves as both abstract and universal† (Henry 28) Basically, this means that those in power and those with influence being political, economic, or even social ultimately decide what happens in society and often these ideas are taken as universal truths despite what may actually be. He goes on to explain how that in a â€Å"minority ruling class society† those who ar e in the minority ruling class must try to rationalize to the much larger working class that the interests of the elites are in the best interest of the society as a whole. In this paper, the Illusion of the epoch will be explored, as well as how this illusion effects economies throughout time. In addition, it will use neoclassical economics as a base point, and respond to assertions made by J.F. Henry in his piece. John F. Henry goes on to say that throughout history, this illusion takes its toll in

Willa Cather s My Antonia And O Pioneers ! - 1464 Words

â€Å"But Nebraska was not always a bed of roses. When the first settlers arrived, they found a harsh, unforgiving place, a vast treeless expanse of barren, drought-parched soil. And so, summoning up the dynamic pioneer spirit of hope and steely determination, they left. But a few of them remained.†(Barry) The pioneers were expecting the land to work with them, but it was actually working against them. Winters were hard, and many pioneers gave up and left. The few who remained were proven to be strong and determined to force the land to cooperate. In Willa Cather’s My à ntonia and O Pioneers!, her purpose was to show readers that women could be strong pioneers, overcoming the adversity caused by the land, as seen through similes,†¦show more content†¦31). After all their neighbors leave, Lou and Oscar want to give up because the land is working against them. The simile compares Alexandra’s brothers to their neighbors to show how they are similar to mos t people but different from Alexandra. â€Å"Alexandra’s relationship with her brothers Lou and Oscar in particular demonstrate Cather’s revision of the female role within the family† (Alumbaugh 37). Typically the sons would be in charge of the family farm, but Alexandra is in charge of their farm per her father’s request. Similarly, à ntonia is compared to a man to emphasize how important she was to her family. à ntonia’s family needed more money, so à ntonia worked in the fields with the men. â€Å"All throughout the wheat season, she told us, Ambrosch hired his sister out like a man, and she went from farm to farm, binding sheaves or working with the thrashers† (My à ntonia 85). This simile compares à ntonia to a man because she acts like one and her brother treats her like one. The men worked to defeat the resistance caused by the land, and à ntonia helps them, enjoying the hard farm work. â€Å"These are characters who chafe under the restrictions of traditional female roles, preferring a greater degree of independence and self-determination. à ntonia, for example, discovers when she works her own family’s farm and when she is hired out as a farm hand for others, that she very much enjoys the freedom playing a male role allows her†Show MoreRelatedWilla Cat her s My Antonia And O Pioneers !1919 Words   |  8 PagesSuccess in Female Pioneers   Ã‚  Ã‚   â€Å"But Nebraska was not always a bed of roses. When the first settlers arrived, they found a harsh, unforgiving place, a vast treeless expanse of barren, drought-parched soil. And so, summoning up the dynamic pioneer spirit of hope and steely determination, they left. But a few of them remained.†(Barry) The pioneers were expecting the land to work with them, but it was actually working against them. Winters were hard, and many pioneers gave up and left. The few who remainedRead MoreBrief Survey of American Literature3339 Words   |  14 Pagesfamous for his book The Sketch Book (1819-1820) including - â€Å"Rip Van Winkle† - â€Å"The Legend of Sleepy Hollow† James Fenimore Cooper (1789-1851) The Leather-stocking seriesçš ®Ã¨ ¢Å"Ã¥ ­ /çš ®Ã¨ £ ¹Ã¨â€¦ ¿Ã§ ³ »Ã¥Ë†â€"Ã¥ ° Ã¨ ¯ ´ (Natty Bumppo wearing long deerskin leggings) - The Pioneers (1823) 《å ¼â‚¬Ã¦â€¹â€œÃ¨â‚¬â€¦Ã£â‚¬â€¹ - The Last of the Mohicans (1826)《æÅ"ی Å½Ã§Å¡â€žÃ¨Å½ «Ã¥ ¸Å'Ã¥ ¹ ²Ã¤ º ºÃ£â‚¬â€¹ - The Prairie (1827)《å ¤ §Ã¨ â€°Ã¥Å½Å¸Ã£â‚¬â€¹ - The Pathfinder, (1840)《æŽ ¢Ã¨ · ¯Ã¤ º ºÃ£â‚¬â€¹ - The Deerslayer (1841)《çÅ'Žé ¹ ¿Ã¤ º ºÃ£â‚¬â€¹ William Cullen Bryant (1794-1878) The first important American romantic poet of international

In the 16th century Charles Dickens wrote the unforgettable novel A Tale of Two Cities Essay Example For Students

In the 16th century Charles Dickens wrote the unforgettable novel A Tale of Two Cities Essay In the 16th century Charles Dickens wrote the unforgettable novel A Tale of Two Cities. In it he created two of the most remarkable fictional characters of all time. One is the bloodthirsty Madame Defarge, and the other is the selfless Sydney Carton. Madame Defarge is a peasant who seeks revenge on all aristocrats who cross her path. In contrast, Sydney Carton is a man who is willing to do anything for the love of his life. While the actions of these two characters clearly delineate their differences, the underlying forces that drive each character are quite similar. From Madame Defarges actions, it is clear that she is the evil antagonist in the novel. Even in the manner that she is physically described, she is presented as dark and therefore she is seen as evil. She is as evil as she is because when she was younger the DEvremonde brothers killed her whole family. Now the purpose of her life is to procure revenge on the DEvremonde family and every other aristocrat. Even when told by her beloved husband she has gone to far, she does not stop. Instead her repartee to him was, Tell the wind and fire where to stop; not me. In it she evidently expresses how she will never forget what was done to her family and how the DEvermondes are deserving of what they will receive. The actions she performs in her daily life demonstrate her evilness. In the novel it seems as though she is the bad guy who is starting up all the trouble. It is her need for revenge, in the book, that starts the revolution. While Dickens presents Sydney Carton as a worthless drunk, in contrast to Madame Defarge, he is the Christ-like noble figure of the novel. He appears to the readers of A Tale of Two Cities as a worthless drunk and a man who has not acquired any high social position in his life. Also, it seems as though his life has resulted to nothing. At one point he says, I care for no man on earth, and no man on earth cares for me, but that changes when he meets Lucie Manette. He develops an undying juvenile-like love for her. Sydney is willing to do anything for her and tells her so in a beautiful speech he made to her. In it he states, Think now and then that there is a man who would give up his life, to keep a life you love beside you. Although she does not marry him, he continues to love her until the day he dies. While anticipating if he should give up his life for her love Charles, he demonstrates his selflessness by saying, Let the Doctor play the winning game; I will play the losing one. What Sydney is losing is his life and that is in order for Doctor Manette to remain with his son in law and for Lucie, her husband. Both men love Lucie and  they know she will not be the same without her husband, so Sydney offers his life to keep a life Lucie loves beside her. While the actions of these two characters symbolize good versus evil, the driving forces that drive both Madame Defarge and Sydney Carton ironically are very similar. Both Defarge and Carton live their lives passionately. Madame Defarge passionately devotes her live to seeking revenge. She constantly knits a list of those she wishes dead in order to fulfill that wish. She even attempts to ruin the lives of people not on her list in order to ruin the lives of those on her list. Sydney Carton is so passionately in love with Lucie Manette and not willing to give up. He states, It is a far, far better thing that I do, that I have ever done; it is a Far, far better rest than I have ever known. He is speaking of how is life has resulted to nothing so what he will now do it better than anything he has ever done before. Also, everything he does his for his love, who he loves so passionately. Along with that, in his speech in which he confesses his love for her, he speaks of how his love will continue till the day he dies. He says, In the hour of my deathà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦that my last avowal of myself was made to you. .u70a3e94039445a059f686b799dc8dcdb , .u70a3e94039445a059f686b799dc8dcdb .postImageUrl , .u70a3e94039445a059f686b799dc8dcdb .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u70a3e94039445a059f686b799dc8dcdb , .u70a3e94039445a059f686b799dc8dcdb:hover , .u70a3e94039445a059f686b799dc8dcdb:visited , .u70a3e94039445a059f686b799dc8dcdb:active { border:0!important; } .u70a3e94039445a059f686b799dc8dcdb .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u70a3e94039445a059f686b799dc8dcdb { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u70a3e94039445a059f686b799dc8dcdb:active , .u70a3e94039445a059f686b799dc8dcdb:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u70a3e94039445a059f686b799dc8dcdb .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u70a3e94039445a059f686b799dc8dcdb .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u70a3e94039445a059f686b799dc8dcdb .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u70a3e94039445a059f686b799dc8dcdb .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u70a3e94039445a059f686b799dc8dcdb:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u70a3e94039445a059f686b799dc8dcdb .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u70a3e94039445a059f686b799dc8dcdb .u70a3e94039445a059f686b799dc8dcdb-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u70a3e94039445a059f686b799dc8dcdb:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Anna Karenina EssayIn addition, both are very strong characters. The stand up for what they believe in and will not give up. An example is Sydney Carton when Lucie marries Charles Darnay. He does not end his love for her, instead, it continues on until the day he dies. An example of Madame Defarges strength is when she continues to search for another way to get Charles killed after he is released from prison and she is successful due to that strength. A third similarity is that both characters are exceedingly determined and have the patience needed to reach their goals. The contrast between Sydney Carton and Madame Defarge serves to develop a reoccurring theme in the novel, mans persistency to achieve his goal. Although Madame Defarge and Sydney Carton seem to be such opposites, their underlying forces are basically the same. With Defarge being so evil and Carton so good, it is quite odd to think that they are similarly passionate, strong, and determined to reach their goals. In reading A Tale of Two Cities one would think that there is nothing alike between Madame Defarge and Sydney Carton, however, they both carry out their lives with the same dedication and consecration in order to fulfill their very different lifestyles.

Project Communication Leather Belts

Question: Discuss about the Project Communicationfor Leather Belts. Answer: How will Everyone Involved in the Project Communicate with Each Other All the employees of the lizzies leather belts must be coordinated by the project manager. It is the responsibility of the operation manager to help all the employees that are involved in website development framework that is being performed by true concepts. The role of the manager is to advice all the developers to work together and perform the task with better communication strategy so that every individual can understand the current situation and the progress of the website which will eventually help them to build the website effectively (Potter, 2008). How Often will this Take Place The project communication plan must take place every day as it will help all the employees to get a track of the progress of each individual that is involved in this project (Vos, Otte, Linders, 2003). The benefit of this daily communication meeting is to attain better results and to be proactive for the entire development plan. It further helps the team member to buck up his part if he is lacking behind. What Information is Being Passed or Shared The information that are shared or passed is mentioned below: Program objectives and goals Planned deliverables and activities Partner details that are involved in the project implementation Mission and core values Progress of the website development Justification for the Choices The justification for the above choices can be easily explained with the help of the points that is given above. All the team members must be aware of the goals and objectives of the program. All the team members must consult with their members about the activities and the deliverables of the project. All the team members of the project must have ample details of the role of their member in their project so that they can take off the excess load on the other team members (Williams, 2002). The core values and mission of the project must be shared among everyone as they all must keep their motto intact in their mind (The project manager's communication toolkit, 2010). And finally every team member must share their progress everyday as they can be well informed about the overall progress of the project. What Specific Events or Particular Activities will need to be Organised or Encouraged, to help With Communication in General There are several events and activities that need to be encouraged for better communication. In fact there are several which are just listed below: Organise a community meeting regularly to provide an open forum for delivering dialogue. Provide a progress on the planned activities after every planned meeting Must share findings after every evaluation and project survey. Present your Findings Lizzies Leather Belts will get the best website ever for it clients as the website development process is going great and the best method used by then is a better communication technique for inspiring their team members and employees that are involved in the development of the website. Moreover True Concepts are using develop Agile solution development framework for developing the website which is quite a unique technique and is being done quite successfully for Lizzies Leather Belts. References Potter, L. (2008).The communication plan(1st ed.). San Francisco, Calif.: International Association of Business Communicators. The project manager's communication toolkit. (2010) (1st ed.). Boca Raton. Vos, M., Otte, J., Linders, P. (2003).Setting up a strategic communication plan(1st ed.). Utrecht [Netherlands]: Lemma. Williams, J. (2002).Team development for high-tech project managers(1st ed.). Boston: Artech House.

Employment Discrimination Race/Ethnicity/Color/National Origin/Religion

Introduction Race discrimination is â€Å"employment discrimination against a person because of his or her race, which includes African Americans, Asians, Caucasians, Native Americans, and Pacific Islanders† (Cheeseman 22). Color discrimination is â€Å"employment discrimination against a person because of his or her color, for example, when a white skin person discriminates a dark skin person † (Cheeseman 23).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Employment Discrimination: Race/Ethnicity/Color/National Origin/Religion specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More National origin discrimination is â€Å"employment discrimination against a person because of his or her heritage, cultural characteristics, or the country of the person’s ancestor† (Cheeseman 23). Religion discrimination is â€Å"discrimination against a person solely because of his or her religion or religion practices† (Cheeseman 23) . The following cases pertain to the various discriminations mentioned above. Jury Grants PBSO Sergeant $262,000 in Segregation Case A jury ruled in favor of Sergeant Beverly Ellis by awarding her $262, 000 after proving that Palm Beach County Sheriff discriminated against her in terms of the race. The suit, initiated in 2008 was not the first case when Ellis had raised the issue of discrimination. In the year 2001, Ellis reported about her supervisor to the department of discrimination, however, it brought no fruit, thus forcing Ellis to report the matter to the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. Segregation allegation against Bus System thrown out The U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission threw out a discrimination allegation brought by a former staff of Lakeland Area Mass Transit, also known as Citrus Connection. Rita Wages filed the complaint on January 19, 2012 after her dismissal in December 2011. She had served the company for three years. When complaining, Wages underlined the fact that she was fired from her work place as a result of â€Å"violating federal health information privacy laws at the time she was on medical leave† (White) Further, she said that a junior staff harassed and put her under stress by humiliating her in terms of her age, gender, religion as well as race. She also claimed that Lakeland Mayor had encouraged a Ledger to print falsehoods about her in an article dated back to March 2011; it however, resulted in the fact that the former executive director, Danny Ours, started to displayed favoritism towards Wages. Tom Philips, Citrus Connection’s executive director said that she had to be fired because of reorganizations due to some minimizations in the budget of the organization. Wages was advised to file a petition with the federal or state court within 90 days, which she did not though.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 1 5% OFF Learn More West Point Discrimination Suit Settled A federal race discrimination lawsuit was settled on a day when there was the jury’s seating. Four police officers filed the lawsuit based on racial discrimination. The Board of Selectmen and the four officers came to terms, which were confidential though the two parties would share the cost of the jury. The four were former Captain Romelle Matthews, officers Tim Campbell, Jerem Dubois and Jessie Anderson. Their attorney, Jim Waide of Tupelo, was sacked; the rest supported him as well since their attitude towards former Chief Steve Bingham was loyal, who lost his job soon after the majority board assumed office. The decision made by court consisted in blaming Matthews of his official complaint to EEOC, and in the fact that Campbell and Dubois could not be helped and promoted, as they were whites. Kearney says she experienced constant at NCAA In a lawsuit filed with federal and state agencies, a former Longhorn women’s track coach Beverly Kearney, said she had gone through a very hostile job environment for more than a decade and claimed that the Texas’ Athletic Department was against her based because of her race and gender. She also said that she had been mistreated by the school for talking against discrimination. The complaint was filed with the Texas Workforce Commission and the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. Kearney resigned knowing that she would be sacked soon for the incorrect behavior with one of her athletes in the year 2002. The unfavorable work environment included insubordination by administrative assistants and failure to receive salary increment as scheduled. Property: Suit Claims Discrimination A supervisor with the Civilian Complaint Review Board accused a top official at the agency of racial discrimination that she claimed resulted in the supervisor being passed over for a promotion in favor of a white male colleague, according to a lawsuit f iled in the federal court in Manhattan. Winsome Thelwell alleged that a former CCRB deputy executive director of investigations, Laura Edidin, displayed her as an angry black woman and tried to create an image that Ms. Thelwell was not a competent manager. It further reveals Ms. Thelwell had a clear work record, and had steadily received promotions under former executive directors. Lastly, the lawsuit claims that Ms. Edidin created a position to elevate a white man with less experience than Ms. Thelwell. The man succeeded Ms. Edidin in August 2012. Howard Police Officer Sues Department, Claims Racial Discrimination On December 6, 2012, a woman at Howard County Police officer took the department to court and her senor for segregation based on race in the U.S. District Court. Pfc. Lisa Burgess, of Gwynn Oak in Baltimore County, initiated the civilian lawsuit against her senior, Sgt. Jennifer Reidy-Hall, as well the department.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Emp loyment Discrimination: Race/Ethnicity/Color/National Origin/Religion specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The woman was blamed for performing poor since the beginning of October 2010. Burgess, who is still working, although not under the supervision of Reidy-Hall’s command, wants to get $400,000 for the damages received undergoing such tortures. When expressing her dissatisfaction, Burgess, who said she was the only black officer in her squad, claimed she was not given her due pay raises because Reidy-Hall wrote â€Å"false, misleading and exaggerated† statements in her employee performance evaluations (Rankin). The lawsuit comes after the U.S. Equal Employment and Opportunities Commission (EOCC) closed its file on the charge. The EOCC accepted the Maryland Commission on Civil Rights results that indicated there was no possible cause of allegations of segregation. As per the findings, 103 of the 447 officers serving in Howa rd County Police are minorities. Sixty-seven of those 103 are black, 27 sworn supervisors, and rank of corporal and beyond are rated as minorities (The Baltimore Sun) Kennesaw triumphs in provoking email lawsuit The city of Kennesaw triumphed in a claim initiated by four white employees who alleged that they were unfairly punished due to inappropriate emails. The 11th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals in Atlanta â€Å"maintained a lower-court judge’s ruling to throw out the case initiated in 2010† (Rankin). The court discovered that the white plaintiffs did not avail enough evidence of segregation and failed to prove that similarly located African-American and Hispanic staff got better treatment. The four employees were some of the over twenty city staff discovered to have gone against a policy, regarding email accounts being used for offensive goals, like racial attacks. In 2009, two African-Americans’ government workers and a former government staff born in Korea had taken the city to court over racial attacks. â€Å"Their lawsuit alleged that city email accounts were being used to send racially offensive messages† (Rankin). The case agreed for $1.8 million.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Later, a lawsuit was initiated and it was discovered that 23 staff went against the email policy over five times. There were 20 whites, 2 blacks and a Hispanic. All of them got or were set to get discipline, but one of the two black and the Hispanic was away on medical leave at that time and were not at work, as the 11th Circuit ruling said. Out of the 20 people of the staff, four initiated a lawsuit, citing unfair treatment. The court decided it was proper for Kennesaw to establish its mail policy and that the city’s scrutiny was neutral regarding race as there was no glaring correlation between the race segregation suit initiated in 2009 and the punishment the four city staff applied. Conference Set In Reinhart Race Suit A teleconference was scheduled to determine deadlines in the federal lawsuit between Reinhart FoodService and a former employee, who claims he was fired from the company’s Coal Township facility in 2010 for his efforts to stop racial discrimination a nd a hostile work environment. Ramon Torres, whose parents came from Dominican Republic, alleges his fellow staff and seniors occasionally applied ethnic sentiments against blacks and Hispanics for the five years of service as a driver’s assistant for the period between September 2005 and March 2010. Torres alleges he was set to occasional moments of unfair handling and was also prevented from machinery and extra salary since he taught drivers how to maneuver routes, based on his Hispanic origin. He claims he was threatened with dire consequences should he give out information to the company offices. After he had reported to the seniors, the firm’s ethics hotline and corporate department, he was verbally offended and then sacked for fake reasons. Works Cited Cheeseman R. Henry. Contemporary Business and Online Commerce Law (7th Edition). London, Princess Hall, 2011. Print. Rankin Bill, â€Å"Kennesaw prevails in offensive email case†, Ajc.com. 2013 Web. The Balt imore Sun. Howard Police Officer charges sues Departments, Charges, Racial Discrimination, 2013. Web. White Gary. â€Å"Discrimination Claim against Bus System Dismissed†. The Ledger.com. 2013. Web. This essay on Employment Discrimination: Race/Ethnicity/Color/National Origin/Religion was written and submitted by user Rachael Grant to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Abortion And Ethics Essays - Fertility, Gender Studies, Free Essays

Abortion And Ethics Essays - Fertility, Gender Studies, Free Essays Abortion And Ethics Abortion Question What would happen if I were to walk into a crowded restaurant and opened fire on the people inside, killing one? Well, more than likely I would be hauled off to jail and sentenced for murder. If murder is illegal then how come everyday women are continually having abortions? What is the difference between abortion and murder both of them involve taking the life of a living human being. How come the question of abortion is still undecided? If it is illegal to go out and kill someone then it should be illegal to receive an abortion. Abortion, many women feel that abortions do not take the life of a living human being. Wrong, from the moment of conception that baby is a living, breathing creation of God. Plus most women have abortions during the third trimester of pregnancy. In the third trimester the baby is developing lungs, arms and legs and is starting to develop fingers and toes. So during many abortions the baby is breathing, kicking, and very alive. There are many ways that abortions are performed. There is the partial-birth abortion, salt poisoning, and the suction or vacuum. However abortions are performed they are cruel and unnecessary. There are many other options besides having an abortion like adoption. There are millions of couples around the world that want so badly to have a child and then there are the millions that are destroying babys everyday. The abortion procedures go as followed: Partial-Birth Abortions- when the baby is partially delivered and then the doctor jam a pair of scissors into the back of the babys skull. Then the scissors are removed and a suction tube is placed inside of the babys skull. The tube is then turned on and the powerful suction sucks the babys brains out. Then the baby is delivered the rest of the way and tossed aside like a rag doll. The partial-birth abortion is the most widely used abortion technique. Salt Poisoning abortions take place when the mother has a doctor inject into the uterus a saline solution. The solution travels its way down into the babys lungs and starts to burn. The salt beings eating away at the babys lungs and basically suffocates the baby. Most babies that are aborted by the salt poisoning method will look like bright red candy apples. This is because the salt burns the layers of babys skin making them bright red. The salt poisoning method is the most painful for the baby because it takes up to hours for them to die and then some are born still alive. The last abortion technique is the vacuum. Vacuum abortions start out with the doctor inserting a power suction tube into the uterus where the baby is. Then the suction is turned on and by the guide of the sonogram picture the doctor starts sucking off limbs of the baby. The baby is fully alive and moving when the suction grabs a hold of the babys arms or legs and rips them off. All that is left in the uterus after everything is sucked out is the head. Then the doctor inserts a pair of forceps and crushes the skull of the baby so the suction tube can remove it. The baby is not the only one that suffers; many mothers that have abortions may put themselves at risk of infertility, depression, or even death. Post Abortion Syndrome may cause; if not treated depression and may even make the mother resort to suicide. Infertility may happen if the doctor slips and cuts parts of the uterus or the fallopian tubes. Death happens when the doctor cuts part of the uterus and the fallopian tubes causing internal bleeding. She was a young mother, single and carrying a second child, struggling to survive on minimum wage and welfare. He was a prominent man that had built himself a career out of performing abortions on women. During a routine abortion their fates collided. Within hours Sharon Hampltlon was dead and Bruce Steir was fighting for his freedom. At the center of the case is Steir who performed about 1,000 abortions each year, mostly at clinics in Sacramento, Chico, Santa Rosa, Redding, and Oakland. A couple

Article Analysis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Article Analysis - Assignment Example That is, verbal and video. The findings indicate a variability in the two groups subjected to the different tools. The changes are observed as more in the verbal category. A change in preference of 29% in the verbal group compared to 6% in the video category communicates a significant underlying factor in the use of the two treatments. Also worth noting, however insignificant, is the percentage of the persons who were uncertain in the two cases. 3% for verbal against 1% for video. A significant difference is evident. Given the nature of the trial, and since according to the researchers it was the first of its kind, it breeds an inquiry into the subject (p. 6). It is noted that a narrative description alone may not be very useful. Alternatively, most of the participants were positive about video description. Despite the highlighted limitation of the study, the findings of the study present the use of video decision support tool as superior to the narrative description(pp. 6-7). The study used a randomized valid sample (n=200). Out of which, the researchers subjected two groups to different treatments and the outcomes noted. Also, the study does not indicate any previous similar treatment or behavior among the participants. The participants are selected and exposed to the different treatments, and the effects of such treatments are observed. Moreover, the investigators express control over the treatments to their participants making them more of â€Å"experimental units†. The investigators assign the treatments, and they have control. All the noted features makes the study an experiment. The study used various types of statistical analyses including Standard deviation, Pearson Chi-square test, 2 sample t-test, K statistics, bivariate analysis, Fisher’s exact test and Multivariable logistic regression analyses at 0.05 level. This paper discusses the Pearson Chi-square test, bivariate analysis and regression analyses. (1)

Islam Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Islam - Essay Example These are the five most fundamental requirements every body has to fulfill in the capacity of being a Muslim. In order to express faith in Allah and Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H.), or in other words, in order to be a Muslim, one has to say the Kalma. After saying the Kalma, one becomes a Muslim. As a Muslim, one is obliged to say Salaat five times a day. One is obliged to fast in the month of Ramadan, though one may fast off and on or on a regular basis in addition to Ramadan. One should give Zakat to people and perform Hajj if one has enough money or if one can make it anyway. Shi’as and Sunnis both have same beliefs. Both believe in the five pillars of Islam and have Quran as the Holy Book, though the two differ in their understanding of the way things happened in the Islamic history. The fundamental cause of division was the choice of the leader for the Muslim community after the last Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H.). Sunnis believe that Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H.) had chosen Abu B akr as the leader whereas Shi’as argue that Ali should have been elected as the leader (BBC). Quran is the Holy Book written by Allah, the creator of universe and everything in it. Each and every word in Quran comes straight from Allah through Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H.).

A Woman’s Place Essay Example for Free

A Woman’s Place Essay â€Å"Don’t read so much, he said, don’t study; get yourself good and tired out with homework, take exercise. He believes that her troubles would clear up if she got married. He believes this in spite of the fact that most of his nerve medicine is prescribed for married women. † The primary theme of Meneseteung by Alice Munro is the role of women in times of Victorian traditions and standards. The narrator, who is never identified, explains tasks and qualities that differentiate a real, marriageable woman from an outcast from society. The main character in this story is Almeda Joynt Roth, a respectable woman who has become famous in her small town for her poetry book. She has earned respect and admiration amongst others in the town for her works, but has also been criticized as a woman’s literary ambitions were thought to be hobby rather than vocation. Roth yearns to marry Jarvis Poulter, an idea that the rest of the town supports. Even Roths doctor, who prescribes nerve medicine to help Roth with her sleeplessness, says she would be much happier if she were married. However, Poulter does not find Roth to be a suitable wife and does not pursue her as such because she does not demonstrate the qualities that defined a marriageable woman of the times. The story, then, is not just about the role of women in the society but also about a lonely woman, an outcast of traditional society, and her search for companionship. Roth suffers from insomnia and goes to the doctor to get medication to help with her sleeplessness. The doctor suggests that Roth busies herself with things that are not considered womanly such as studying and writing. Her writing is considered an asset to the community, but not totally accepted as a woman is expected to marry and have a family. The town paper, the Vidette, which contains articles that would often be considered libelous by modern standards considers her young and fit enough to bear children, physically speaking she is marriageable material. The doctor suggests that she wear herself out by performing housewife tasks such as cleaning and exercising so that she may sleep. He also discourages her from reading and writing, as it is not required of her to do these things to ulfill her position in society. He suggests that marriage would solve most of her problems, though the medication he prescribes her is primarily prescribed to married women. The doctor is prescribing a remedy to her problems by becoming a housewife, while also prescribing medication that is given to housewives to treat the very condition she, as a single woman, had come to ameliorate. In the society portrayed in Meneseteung marriage is considered to be a cure-all for many of women’s problems. Why, asks the narrator, has Roth remained unmarried for so long? The narrator suspects that it is partly down to her desolate disposition. A caliginous personality is not one that is considered attractive and people tend to avoid developing social ties to her. Weighed down by burdens such as the loss of her family Roth is a loner with reading, writing, and the hopeless pursuit of Jarvis Poulter as her only aspirations in life and generally just does as she pleases. She dreams of marrying Poulter, an idea that the whole town supports, but he never showed an interest in her as she did not fit the imagine of a marriageable woman of the times. Despite this the narrator portrays Roth to be less of the â€Å"reckless hedonist† and more like a â€Å"tormented artist,† suffering as a result of her art. It is her particularity that makes her an eminent writer, but also not considered suitable to be taken as a wife. Women in this story are portrayed as weak and in need of men. One night, Roth is awoken by a drunk, abused woman at her fence. She is frightened and rushes to Poulter for help, and this is shown as being the first time in the story that she behaves like a typical woman of her time. She is no longer the poised, confident woman that Poulter has come to know her as and is attracted to her desperate vulnerability. Poulter was not attracted to her when she was poised and confident but once he had seen that she was weak, helpless, and in need of him he felt drawn to her as she finally fit the stereotypical image of a woman. Poulter deals with the drunken woman in a cruelly and insensitively and upon seeing this Roth loses interest in him. Poulter asks her to church and she declines and the two never pursue a relationship. Despite being portrayed as weak and in need of men, women are not powerless in marriage. One of a woman’s primary roles is to â€Å"create their husbands† by â€Å"ascribing preferences† to them. â€Å"This way, bewildered, sidelong-looking men are made over, made into husbands, heads of households. † Roth cannot see herself doing this, which urther separates her from the society in which she lives. After her rejection of Poulter’s interests Roth retreats into the vivid aberration brought upon her by the doctor’s nerve medicine and meets her death after becoming the target of menacing youths’ malevolent tormenting. This quote from the doctor, which I have chosen as the most profoundly meaningful, shows the thinking of the times. Women we re to marry to solve their own problems as well as to solve the problems of their husband. This short story is about a woman who is different from the social norm and her search for companionship and stability in her own life, as well as how breaking the norm had its own consequences. Her obsession with reading and writing, which was said to be more suitable as a hobby than profession, set her aside and earned her respect within her community while at the same time driving a wedge between her and a normal life because she did not spend her life marrying, becoming a wife, becoming a mother, and spending her days cleaning and caring for her family like a typical woman of the time. When Roth became vulnerable she became like every other woman and Poulter finally saw her as a possibility for marriage but his actions revolted Roth. The incident with the drunken woman disgusted her into a solitary existence with just her and her hallucinations brought on by the nerve medication prescribed by the doctor. The doctor suggested that by marrying, Roth would not require this medicine despite it being most commonly prescribed for married women. So, then, Almeda Roth could not live with herself as a normal woman yet not being a typical woman is what eventually led to her demise.

Nursing Mentorship Program Essay -- Nursing Practice, Nursing Profess

As Finkelman (2006) stated, â€Å"Mentoring, and important career development to that can be used by nurses any type of set or specialty, can be used to develop the critical leadership skills needed by nurses. All successful leaders have had mentors are our mentors† (Finkelman,2006, p. 390). Currently my facility has a six to months mentoring program for new graduates. This program is in addition to the current preceptor program that orients the new graduates to the unit they will be assigned. Most of these new nurses are graduates from local nursing schools and have done most of their clinical nursing education at this facility. The hospital realizes that going from a classroom and clinical setting to on hands bedside patient care can be a rude awakening. The registered nurses, selected to be mentors are the more experience, knowledgeable and will support and nurture the new grad. These Mentors are the individuals that tell the new nurse what she needs to know and will show her ways to accomplish her goals successfully and expose them to opportunities to learn new things. The nur...

Application of Criminological Theory Essay

This paper will focus on the application of criminological theory in the following scenario: As the vice principal in charge of discipline at a prestigious school, I need to determine what actions to take in dealing with a deviant eighth grade male student. This student comes from a disadvantaged socioeconomic background and has now been caught in a physical altercation with another student. My direct supervisor, the principal, believes it is in the student’s best interest to remain at our school. As I am in charge of discipline, I will suggest several possible courses of action, incorporating criminological theories, to be used either singly or in tandem. The first course of action would be to speak to both of the students involved in the altercation and in turn, their parents. Although it is not an excuse, it is possible that there was some instigation preceding the altercation. Speaking with both students may paint a picture as to the nature of what transpired and how it could have been avoided. In any case, both students will be reprimanded as we have a zero tolerance policy for such acts here at the school. To properly understand the deviant student, let’s call him David, it will be necessary to find out more about his background, social and family ties, peer influences, general demeanor, and any goals or hopes he has. I cannot simply classify David as a juvenile delinquent or a future criminal. To label him may do more harm than good. Labeling Theory The labeling theory asserts that once an individual has deviated from the social norms of society, they are labeled as a delinquent or a criminal, and begin to behave as such (Encyclopedia Britannica, 2011). In other words, if David is continuously labeled by the school, his peers, and society in general as a juvenile delinquent then he will begin to believe it himself. His self-esteem and self-worth will go down and he will begin viewing himself as a juvenile delinquent. Once David has accepted his label, he will begin to engage in more and more deviant acts. So it is important here that I am sensitive to his situation and avoid putting a label on him for one discretionary act. Social Disorganization Theory We know that David comes from a disadvantaged socioeconomic background. It is likely that he lives in an environment where social ties are poor and delinquent peer groups are abundant. Such communities have a higher crime rate and a higher rate of delinquency, as explained by their weak social bonds. Socially organized and tight-knit communities are more likely to supervise and control teenage peer groups where socially disorganized communities are not (McCord, 1992). External factors such as lack of supervision and a weak social bond may be contributing to David’s delinquency. Unfortunately, the school can do little in the way of helping him and his family out of their community. However, creating a social bond of sorts here at the school may help David move from a perhaps delinquent peer group to one more conscientious of social norms and societal laws. I would suggest trying to get David involved in a sport or another social club at the school. Again, finding out what he is interested in is an important part of helping him. We want David to feel socially accepted and increase his self-esteem. Learning Theories Learning theories suggest that antisocial, deviant, and criminal behavior is not instilled in an individual, but learned through interactions with their environment and peers. Because of their individual circumstances, some people learn and practice behaviors that the larger society condemns. Not surprisingly, children growing up in neighborhoods rife with crime often end up committing crime themselves† (Barkan, 2009). It is essential that David associate with peers that follow and respect societies rules. The theory of differential association attributes an individual’s attitudes and views of crime and deviance to that of their immediate social groups. In other words, if David’s peer group is deviant, he will be deviant as well. Another explanation for that follows the theory of differential identification; David may feel the need to â€Å"fit in† and be accepted as a member of a group. By acting like the group he has chosen to fit in to; dressing like they do, speaking the way they speak, and engaging in the same deviant activities they engage in, he gains their approval and is accepted as part of the group. In the same manner, David is learning deviant behavior because he is exposed to it on a regular basis. He may see violence and deviance as a social norm (and therefore acceptable) because in his immediate environment it is a normal occurrence. Finally, through differential reinforcement, this learned behavior is reinforced through reward or praise from his peer group. Perhaps he see’s frequent violence in which the person committing the violence is never reprimanded. If David believes he can commit these acts with little fear of reprimand or with the encouragement of his peer group, he is more likely to do so and not even feel like he has done anything wrong. School is a place with many rules and many types of interactions with different people. Clearly what is acceptable in David’s home environment and peer group is not acceptable here. It is important that he understand what is right and wrong in this setting and furthermore, in society. I will likely suggest that David speak with the school’s psychologist to determine how much learned deviant behavior he has experienced. This will also give him an opportunity to bond with someone who respects social norms and laws. Control Theories Unlike other criminological theories, control theories set out to learn not why individuals commit crime, but why they do not commit crime (Akers & Sellers, 2004). David’s meeting with the school psychologist will also shed some light on where he measures using some of the control theories. The containment theory introduces the possibility that there are internal and external influences that guide an individual away from committing crime. Internally, that individual’s positive self-image and tolerance for frustration help sway them from becoming deviant. On the other side, external influences like positive role models and a close family bond will do the same (Barkan, 2009). Travis Hirshi’s social bonding theory had several explanations for the behavior of juveniles. These explanations included supported research that found that â€Å"youth’s who were strongly attached to their parents were less likely to commit criminal acts† and â€Å"youths who maintained weak and distant relationships with people tended toward delinquency† (Evans, n. d. ) One final addition to control theories, although there are several more, is the coercive control and social support theory. This theory, in short, states that an individual is coerced into crime either through fear or through other means, such as poverty. Whether that individual has strong social support from family, their community, and social institutions such as school, has a large impact on the likelihood that the individual with commit crime. While each of these control theories introduce several ideas about why individual’s may or may not commit crime, one similarity is present throughout. The presence of a strong social bond with friends, family, and community encourages a crime free existence. To encourage David to head down the right path, so to speak, we need to fortify his social bonds. Life-Course Theories Life-course theories focus on what factors occur during different stages of one’s life that may promote delinquency or crime. These factors include: socioeconomic status, poor and inconsistent parenting, weak social bonds, poor school performance, and delinquent peers. (Barkan, 2009). The recurring theme across the life-course theories is that it is weak social bonds, poor parenting, and the influence of delinquent peers that determine an individual’s susceptibility to deviant behavior. Strain, or stress, result from an individual’s perceived inadequacies making them even more susceptible. Such strain can be caused by any number of the causal factors of delinquency listed above. A young and impressionable individual such as David may experience strain because of his socioeconomic status, his difficulty at the school, or many other reasons. The more strain one experiences, the more likely they are to display deviant behavior. Conclusion I fully support the principal’s decision to keep David at the school as it truly is in his best interest. My final disciplinary decision regarding the physical altercation between David and the other student will include several days of in-school suspension where both boys will be able to serve out their punishment while still completing school assignments, separated from the rest of the students of course. I am compelled to reach out to David and give him every opportunity to reform. I will be speaking with the teacher who made the initial complaint regarding David to explain to them that he is in need of a positive role model and positive reinforcement. A visit with the school’s psychologist will also be made. Not only will this give David an outlet to perhaps discuss his problems, it will also expose him to another positive influence and someone who can help him cope with any anger issues he may have. Introducing David to positive and close social bonds is already decreasing the chance that he will engage in more deviant behavior. Suggestions will be made that he engage in a sport or other social clubs at the school. This will encourage David to interact with a less deviant peer group. There will also be a meeting between David and myself. I will explain to David that his current behaviors are unacceptable here at school and any further infractions will be dealt with swift and more severe punishments. Once that has been discussed, I would like to find out more about what goals David has. In doing so, I can help motivate him to obtain these goals. My intention is to make it clear to him that I am there to help with any issues he has and that he can feel comfortable coming to me, or any other school staff, if he needs to. In closing, the main goal here is to help David by introducing positive role models, making him feel socially accepted to increase his self-esteem, strengthen his social bonds, and encourage him to interact with people in a more positive way. If nowhere else, a school should foster these values to reduce a child’s likelihood of delinquency. ? References Akers, R. , & Sellers, C. (2004). Student Study Guide for Criminological Theories: Introduction, Evaluation, and Application (4th ed. ). Los Angeles, CA: Roxbury Publishing Company.